Exam (elaborations)

Sophia_Environmental_Science_Milestone_1,100% CORRECT

The Green Revolution contributed to a population explosion due to research and technology breakthroughs in the mid-1900s. Select one statement that is NOT a result of these breakthroughs. • Fertilizers were chemically produced, which improved food supplies. • Improvements to agricultural crops increased production worldwide. • All nations became stronger and more self-sufficient as the population increased. • Advances were made in sanitation and medicine that improved lives. CONCEPT Human Arrival and Expansion 2 Plant and animal life faced many challenges when moving from water to land. Select the FALSE statement about this transition. • Organisms on land could dry out unless they found a water source. • Organisms’ movements changed without water for transport. • The development of an ozone layer protected organisms from solar radiation. • Oxygen levels in the atmosphere were not high enough to sustain life on land. CONCEPT Early Life 3 Choose the factor below that is likely to have led to the greatest number of mass extinctions. • Temperature change • Earthquakes • Asteroids • UV radiation CONCEPT Continental Drift and Major Extinctions 4 Choose the statement that correctly defines continental drift. • Tectonic plates and the continents they formed are unmoving and remain in the same position. • Continents were formed by tectonic plates that lie on the molten core of the Earth. • Tectonic plates cover the Earth’s molten core; when one rose above the water, it became a continent. • Continents are the surfaces of constantly moving tectonic plates that float on the Earth’s molten core. CONCEPT Continental Drift and Major Extinctions 5 Ecosystems provide many benefits to humans, which are termed "ecosystem services." Photosynthesis and soil formation are examples of __________ services. • cultural • provisioning • supporting • regulating CONCEPT Biodiversity 6 Melissa believes that all living creatures are similar in their desire to avoid pain. Melissa holds which of the following environmental ethical positions? • Biocentric • Anthropocentric • Ethnocentric • Ecocentric CONCEPT Ethics and Stewardship 7 Choose the sentence that describes John Muir and his contributions to environmental awareness. • He brought the negative effects of chemical use in agriculture to the public’s attention. • He was the first environmentalist to call for sustainable use of resources. • He was a writer who supported areas set aside for wildlife and had a great influence over modern-day environmentalism. • He was a nature-centered environmentalist and the founder of the Sierra Club. CONCEPT Environmentalism 8 Choose the statement that does NOT accurately describe the environmental impacts of population growth. • More land is needed, which leads to deforestation, which leads to less oxygen in the atmosphere. • More energy is needed, which leads to over-reliance on freshwater systems, which leads to water pollution. • More energy is needed, which leads to burning of non-renewable natural resources, which leads to their depletion. • More land is needed, which leads to habitat damage, which leads to loss of ecosystems. CONCEPT The Impact of Population Growth 9 Select the item below that is biotic. • Dirt • Algae • Air • Water CONCEPT Environmental Science 10 Which statement about human population growth is FALSE? • From 1350 AD to the present, the world has experienced continuous population growth. • From 200,000 BC through 8,000 BC, the global population was low. • The world population doubled between 1959 and 1999. • The global population is expected to peak at 7 billion, then begin decreasing. CONCEPT Human Arrival and Expansion 11 Which of the following is a global sustainability issue that was NOT identified by the Brundtland Report in 1987? • Pollution • Overpopulation • Food security • Epidemics CONCEPT Sustainability 12 Which of the following is the best example of how the public can apply environmental science? • Regulating air and water emissions from a nearby power plant • Purchasing only organic vegetables after learning about the damaging effects of pesticides • Administering free vaccinations for children in a developing country • Studying the impact of a proposed natural gas pipeline that crosses a protected environment CONCEPT Applying Environmental Science 13 "DNA in mammalian cells is arranged in distinct configurations within the mitochondrial system." Choose the most likely source for this quotation. • The media as it is a mixture of data, speculation and scientific jargon • A scientist writing in a scientific journal that uses language appropriate for its audience • A scientist writing in non-scientific language to appeal more broadly to the general public • A politician who wants to influence public opinion and further his own political agenda CONCEPT Scientific Literacy 14 According to the one-year calendar model based on the Big Bang theory, life on the planet began in __________. • August • September • December • January CONCEPT Earth's Formation 15 Which of the following describes an effect of an environmental issue experienced at the global level? • Particulate matter from a coal factory is causing health problems for workers. • Consumers experience dizziness and nausea from pollutants in the water supply. • Formaldehyde in the new office carpeting is causing a severe allergic reaction. • The consumption of fossil fuels contributes to air pollution and rising CO2 levels. CONCEPT Time, Scale, and Impact 16 Which of the following correctly defines an ecosystem? • Services that humanity benefits from, including water purification and soil formation • The number and abundance of species living in a certain area • Living organisms interacting with nonliving components in a specific area • A relationship between humans and nature in which resources can be used indefinitely CONCEPT Biodiversity Sustainability 17 Match the graph image with its corresponding type and common use. • Line graph, in which data is depicted by using a line connecting data points • Pictograph, in which data is depicted by using images to represent values • Scatter plot, in which data is depicted by using individual dots for data points • Histogram, in which data is depicted by using horizontal or vertical bars CONCEPT Graphic Literacy 18 Sherman notices the leaves of one tree in his yard begin to change color much earlier than the surrounding trees. He wonders what causes this. Sherman calls a local nursery to ask some questions. If Sherman follows the steps of the scientific method, his next action would be to __________. • conduct an experiment • analyze data • form a hypothesis • reach a conclusion CONCEPT Science &The Scientific Process 19 Choose the best explanation of the distinction between environmental science and environmentalism from the options below. • Environmental science is a subjective examination of human interactions with the environment and environmentalism is an objective assessment of how humans relate to the environment. • Environmental science is dedicated to protecting the environment while environmentalists concentrate on the legal, political and social ways to do so. • Environmental science remains objective, while environmentalism is concerned with ethical questions about right and wrong concerning the environment. • Environmental science holds that humans have a responsibility to be aware of their impact on the environment and environmentalism is a social movement that urges action. CONCEPT Environmentalism 20 Choose the statement about human population growth that is NOT correct. • There are two possible scenarios for future population growth. • Innovation and technology may play a role in lessening the impact of future population growth. • Approximately 72 million people are added to the planet each year. • If population growth continues at its present rate, there will be 8.9 billion people on Earth by 2050. CONCEPT The Impact of Population Growth 21 Choose the correct statement about the processes that led to 20% oxygen in Earth’s atmosphere. • Early life on Earth required an oxygen-rich atmosphere to form chemical bonds, which caused the oxygen levels to stabilize. • Early life forms released oxygen, which saturated the oceans and the atmosphere. • Lightning energy and UV radiation altered the combination of gases in the atmosphere so that oxygen levels increased. • Photosynthesis was not possible on Earth until the ozone layer formed, which raised oxygen levels. CONCEPT Earth's Formation 22 Select the misleading graph from those below. • • • • CONCEPT Graphs in Environmental Science