Exam (elaborations)

Environmental Science Milestone 3,100% CORRECT

Which statement about agroecosystems is true? • Monoculture decreases the use of chemicals. • Agriculture does not change the natural environment. • Agroecosystems have low species and habitat diversity. • Agroecosystems are similar to natural ecosystems. CONCEPT Agriculture Impacts 2 Of the options below, which is an example of a point source of water pollution? • Acidic runoff from abandoned mines contains lead and mercury that saturate the soil. • A factory’s wastewater pipe opens directly over a nearby river. • Landscapers' fertilizers and pesticides are sprayed on the lawns of a neighborhood. • Litter and pet waste are left on a city’s beaches. CONCEPT Water Pollution 3 Which of the following is true about the ecological footprints of the U.S. and developing countries? • The U.S. standard of living requires 15 hectares of land per person, but a developing nation’s standard of living requires 10 hectares of land per person. • The U.S. standard of living requires two hectares of land per person, but a developing nation’s standard of living requires 0.2 hectares of land per person. • The U.S. standard of living requires five hectares of land per person, but a developing nation’s standard of living requires 0.5 hectares of land per person. • The U.S. standard of living requires 10 hectares of land per person, but a developing nation’s standard of living requires one hectare of land per person. CONCEPT Human Population Growth 4 Which of the following is NOT a reason for malnutrition and undernourishment in the world? • Some regions are overpopulated. • Not enough food is produced to feed everyone on Earth. • Floods and droughts disrupt food production. • Poor countries have limited purchasing power. CONCEPT World Nutrition 5 Which of the following does NOT negatively affect groundwater? • Humans are utilizing groundwater to generate electricity. • Increased water consumption by humans depletes aquifers. • Runoff from household and agricultural chemicals filters into groundwater. • Development has caused rainwater to drain into sewers instead of into aquifers. CONCEPT Water Supply 6 Which of the following is NOT a consequence from the runoff of fertilizers into the water supply? • Massive algal blooms • Contaminated bodies of water • A lack of nutrients in the soil • Poisoning of aquifers CONCEPT Fertilizers and Pesticides 7 Which of the following is true about water availability? • Agriculture uses 52% of freshwater, industry uses 27% and households use 21%. • Agriculture uses 70% of freshwater, industry uses 19% and households use 11%. • Agriculture uses 40% of freshwater, industry uses 57% and households use 3%. • Agriculture uses 75% of freshwater, industry uses 17% and households use 8%. CONCEPT Water Availability 8 Choose the statement about water on Earth that is NOT true. • Only about 1% of freshwater is easily available for human use. • Water covers approximately 70% of the Earth’s surface. • Approximately 3% of freshwater is found in glaciers. • 97% of Earth’s water is in the oceans. CONCEPT Water 9 Scientists discover that fish have abnormally high levels of lead in their bodies. Which type of waste disposal most likely caused this phenomenon? • Combustion • Ocean dumping • Composting • Landfills CONCEPT Solid Waste 10 Which of the following is an example of a regenerative agricultural practice? • Quinton practices no-till farming to maintain the fertility of the soil. • Sally rotates crops regularly to help prevent pest outbreaks. • Sadie uses natural processes to stimulate the formation of new topsoil. • Timothy uses natural pesticides to keep his crops healthy. CONCEPT Agriculture Impacts 11 Select the true statement about efforts to address water pollution in the United States. • The amendments to the Clean Water Act outlined policy and enforcement strategies. • Individual states are required to determine what waters are impaired by point source pollution. • States set their own water quality standards for the public water supply. • The United States Army Corps of Engineers cannot issue permits that impact wetlands. CONCEPT Efforts to Address Water Pollution in the United States 12 Which statement describes the environmental impact of developed countries? • These countries leave the smallest ecological footprint. • They have a higher rate of population growth. • These countries use the least amount of the world’s freshwater supply. • They have a lower rate of population growth. CONCEPT Human Population Growth Agriculture Practices World Nutrition Water 13 John and Cheryl want to avoid using pesticides as much as possible on their farm. They rotate crops to disrupt insect mating cycles and introduced some common pests’ natural predators into their fields. Their neighbor is trying to keep pests from their crops and gardens too, so they ask John and Cheryl for advice. Of the options listed below, which suggestion is the most effective method for environmentally friendly pest control? • Plant aromatic herbs to serve as a natural deterrent to pests. • Use only genetically modified seeds. • Plant several plots of vegetables so one pest can’t destroy all of them. • Use compost and other organic farming methods to provide pest protection. CONCEPT Fertilizers and Pesticides 14 Which of the following is currently decreasing because of human population growth and its associated impacts? • Levels of biodiversity • Temperature of the earth’s surface • Overexploitation of fish populations • Flooding and drought CONCEPT Population Growth Solutions 15 Which of the numbers below correctly indicates how many pounds of grain an animal in the U.S. that is domesticated for meat is fed for each pound of meat produced? • 8 • 10 • 20 • 16 CONCEPT Agriculture Practices 16 A cell phone manufacturer recalled some 50 million lithium batteries installed in cell phones because the batteries were at risk of overheating and exploding. The hazardous waste characteristic of the batteries in this example is __________. • corrosivity • reactivity • toxicity • acidity CONCEPT Hazardous Waste 17 The citizens of a rural community have gathered for a meeting to discuss the building of a dam on a nearby river. There are many who support the dam for various reasons, but a few have voiced concerns about its long term impacts. Choose the concern that is NOT a probable impact of building a dam. • Introduction of invasive species • Flash floods • Habitat fragmentation • Loss of natural flooding cycles CONCEPT Water Supply 18 Which statement below is NOT true about agricultural crops? • Subsistence crops include tobacco, rice and latex. • Wheat, rice and corn are the dominant crops. • Rice and corn provide most human caloric needs. • Potatoes and corn are examples of subsistence crops. CONCEPT Agriculture Practices 19 Select the example that describes an economic cause of famine. • A corporation introduces a new fertilizer that makes the soil more fertile. • A group of people are stranded in a desert area that provides no food. • War breaks out in a country and farmers are called to serve in the military. • A poor country doesn’t have access to technology that makes irrigation easier. CONCEPT World Nutrition 20 A septic tank was not installed properly and waste water has risen above ground and flows toward a nearby lake. Which of the following is NOT likely to be a result of this occurrence? • The waste water will be diluted before it reaches the lake. • Algal growth in the water will increase, eventually decreasing the oxygen supply of the lake's fish. • The polluted water can break a link in the aquatic food chain. • Drinking the lake water can cause disease. CONCEPT Water Pollution 21 Which of the following is true about water supply and demand? • People waste less water than they once did. • Water supply is fixed and unchanging. • Water use is growing twice as quickly as the population. • The amount of available clean water is increasing. CONCEPT Water Availability 22 Chase collects empty soda cans after the game and takes them to a reprocessing center. Which waste disposal method is Chase practicing? • Recycle • Landfill • Reuse • Compost CONCEPT Solid Waste 23 Which of the following is NOT an impact of urban sprawl? • Increased land for agriculture • Reduced biodiversity • Increased crime in abandoned areas • Watershed pollution CONCEPT Urban Sprawl in the US 24 Which of the examples below describes an effort to address urban sprawl through urban green space? • The city converts an old factory downtown into affordable housing for young people. • A new restaurant is constructed on a lot on the edge of town, bypassing several vacant lots within the city. • The city razes a former dry cleaners downtown, cleans up the chemicals in the soil and builds a sculpture garden. • A small city maintains a park and forest within its downtown as new businesses build around it. CONCEPT Addressing Urban Sprawl