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HBS FINAL EXAM; COMPREHENSIVE Q&A FOR
CERTIFICATION SUCCESS (2025)
anterior - correct-answer-situated toward the front of the body
deep - correct-answer-away from the body surface; more internal
directional terms - correct-answer-terms used to explain where one body
structure is in relation to another
distal - correct-answer-situated away from the point of attachment or origin or a
central point; located away from the central part of the body
dorsal - correct-answer-being or located near, on, or toward the back or posterior
part of the human body
identity - correct-answer-distinguishing character or personality of an individual
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inferior - correct-answer-Situated below and closer to the feet than another and
especially another similar part of an upright body especially of a human being
lateral - correct-answer-Of or relating to the side; especially of a body part
medial - correct-answer-Lying or extending in the middle; especially of a body part
posterior - correct-answer-Situated at or toward the hind part of the body
proximal - correct-answer-Situated next to or near the point of attachment or
origin or a central point
regional terms - correct-answer-Anatomical terms that refer to specific visible
landmarks on the surface of the body
superficial - correct-answer-Of, relating to, or located near the surface
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superior - correct-answer-Situated toward the head and further away from the
feet than another and especially another similar part of an upright body especially
of a human being
Glomerular Filtration - correct-answer-The first step in urine formation in which
substances in blood pass through the filtration membrane and the filtrate enters
the proximal convoluted tubule of the nephron.
Glomerulus - correct-answer-A ball of capillaries surrounded by Bowman's
capsule in the nephron and serving as the site of filtration in the vertebrate
kidney.
Kidney - correct-answer-One of a pair of vertebrate organs situated in the body
cavity near the spinal column that excrete waste products of metabolism, in
humans are bean-shaped organs about 4½ inches (11½ centimeters) long lying
behind the peritoneum in a mass of fatty tissue, and consist chiefly of nephrons by
which urine is secreted, collected, and discharged into the pelvis of the kidney
whence it is conveyed by the ureter to the bladder.
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Nephron - correct-answer-The tubular excretory unit of the vertebrate kidney.
Ureter - correct-answer-A duct leading from the kidney to the urinary bladder.
Urethra - correct-answer-A tube that releases urine from the body near the vagina
in females or through the penis in males; also serves in males as the exit tube for
the reproductive system.
Urinalysis - correct-answer-Chemical analysis of urine.
Urinary bladder - correct-answer-The pouch where urine is stored prior to
elimination.
Urinary system - correct-answer-The organs of the urinary tract comprising the
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.
Urine - correct-answer-Waste material that is secreted by the kidney, is rich in end
products (as urea, uric acid, and creatinine) of protein metabolism together with
salts and pigments, and forms a clear amber and usually slightly acid fluid.
HBS FINAL EXAM; COMPREHENSIVE Q&A FOR
CERTIFICATION SUCCESS (2025)
anterior - correct-answer-situated toward the front of the body
deep - correct-answer-away from the body surface; more internal
directional terms - correct-answer-terms used to explain where one body
structure is in relation to another
distal - correct-answer-situated away from the point of attachment or origin or a
central point; located away from the central part of the body
dorsal - correct-answer-being or located near, on, or toward the back or posterior
part of the human body
identity - correct-answer-distinguishing character or personality of an individual
,2|Page
inferior - correct-answer-Situated below and closer to the feet than another and
especially another similar part of an upright body especially of a human being
lateral - correct-answer-Of or relating to the side; especially of a body part
medial - correct-answer-Lying or extending in the middle; especially of a body part
posterior - correct-answer-Situated at or toward the hind part of the body
proximal - correct-answer-Situated next to or near the point of attachment or
origin or a central point
regional terms - correct-answer-Anatomical terms that refer to specific visible
landmarks on the surface of the body
superficial - correct-answer-Of, relating to, or located near the surface
,3|Page
superior - correct-answer-Situated toward the head and further away from the
feet than another and especially another similar part of an upright body especially
of a human being
Glomerular Filtration - correct-answer-The first step in urine formation in which
substances in blood pass through the filtration membrane and the filtrate enters
the proximal convoluted tubule of the nephron.
Glomerulus - correct-answer-A ball of capillaries surrounded by Bowman's
capsule in the nephron and serving as the site of filtration in the vertebrate
kidney.
Kidney - correct-answer-One of a pair of vertebrate organs situated in the body
cavity near the spinal column that excrete waste products of metabolism, in
humans are bean-shaped organs about 4½ inches (11½ centimeters) long lying
behind the peritoneum in a mass of fatty tissue, and consist chiefly of nephrons by
which urine is secreted, collected, and discharged into the pelvis of the kidney
whence it is conveyed by the ureter to the bladder.
, 4|Page
Nephron - correct-answer-The tubular excretory unit of the vertebrate kidney.
Ureter - correct-answer-A duct leading from the kidney to the urinary bladder.
Urethra - correct-answer-A tube that releases urine from the body near the vagina
in females or through the penis in males; also serves in males as the exit tube for
the reproductive system.
Urinalysis - correct-answer-Chemical analysis of urine.
Urinary bladder - correct-answer-The pouch where urine is stored prior to
elimination.
Urinary system - correct-answer-The organs of the urinary tract comprising the
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.
Urine - correct-answer-Waste material that is secreted by the kidney, is rich in end
products (as urea, uric acid, and creatinine) of protein metabolism together with
salts and pigments, and forms a clear amber and usually slightly acid fluid.
