GALEN NUR 210 PHARMACOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWER
Galen NUR 210 Pharmacology Exam 1
(VERIFIED AND WELL DETAILED ANSWERS) LATEST UPDATE
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hb9u8l
2025/2026
1. Pharmacokinetics The process in which medications move through the body
2. What are the 4 phases absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
of pharmacokinetics?
3. Absorption happens with drug movement from the GI tract into the bloodstream. Most
meds are taken by mouth.
4. Oral absorption Takes awhile to get absorbed because it has to go through the GI system
Usually takes 2-4 hours
•Enteric coated
aspirin - hard on stomach
can not crush pill
•Extended release
absorbed in the small intestine
5. IM absorption Absorbed 1-2 hours
6. IV absorption Absorbed 30-60 minutes
7. dissolution Dissolution happens when a po medication breaks down into particles,
disintegrates, and dissolves to combine with liquid so absorption from the
GI tract into the bloodstream occurs.
Liquid medications are absorbed faster than solids. Food can interfere with
the absorption of drugs.
8. Drugs that resist dis- Parenteral medications (SL, eyedrops, inhalants, transdermal) do not pass
solution through the GI tract.
Enteric coated medications are designed to resist disintegration until the
pill reaches the small intestine. EC and sustained release meds should not
be crushed.
9.
, Galen NUR 210 Pharmacology Exam 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hb9u8l
Factors that affect ab- •Lack of muscle and increased fat changes medicine absorption
sorption •Food consumption - will change medicine potency (delayed)
•Stress - Exercise, medicine goes to muscle
•pH - Medicine is made for acidic environments
•Antacid changes absorption
•Taken alone so it doesn't change the action
10. Excipients Fillers and other substances that make up tablets as a pill is not 100% drug.
Sometimes an excipient enhances the absorption of a drug such as with
PCN, which is not well absorbed from the GI tract.
Adding Na to PCN, which makes it penicillin sodium, will increase the
absorption of PCN
11. first pass effect •the oral drugs go to liver via portal vein where some of the drug becomes
inactive
•Only happens with oral medications
12. delayed gastric emp- Food doesn't move like it should
tying
13. Distribution refers to the movement of the drug from the circulation to body tissues
14. Factors affecting dis- -blood flow to tissues
tribution -protein binding
-blood brain barrier
-drug's affinity to the tissue
15. protein binding Drugs bind with proteins in blood
Some drugs are highly protein bound and other are weakly protein bound
16. free drugs drugs not bound to protein
17. Drug Toxicity -Two highly protein bound drugs compete and one might accumulate and
cause a toxicity
, Galen NUR 210 Pharmacology Exam 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hb9u8l
-it is important to know if you are administering highly protein bound
medications and monitor albumin levels in patients with liver or kidney
disease.
-Some drugs that are highly protein bound include: Warfarin
Furosemide
Diazepam
18. Drug distribution and -A decrease in albumin levels decrease the protein-binding sites, which
albumin means more of the free drug is circulated.
-This can be fatal with some meds.
-Free drugs are those not bound to protein, which means they are active
in the body and cause a pharmacologic response.
-Older adults, malnourished individuals, and those with liver or kidney
disease have low albumin levels.
19. Blood Brain Barrier -The BBB protects the brain from most drugs.
(BBB) -Some meds are able to cross the BBB such as benzodiazepines.
-Drugs can cross the placenta and cause spontaneous abortion or alter fetal
growth and development.
20. Metabolism •Chemically changes drug to a form that can be excreted
•Liver primary site
21. half-life •the time it takes for the drug in the body to be reduced by half
22. Loading dose use of a higher dose than what is usually used for treatment to allow the
drug to reach the critical concentration (therapeutic level) sooner
•Blood thinner
•Antibiotic
23. Exceretion the removal of waste products from medications which is done mainly
through the kidneys
Other routes for include lungs, sweat, saliva, and bile
Galen NUR 210 Pharmacology Exam 1
(VERIFIED AND WELL DETAILED ANSWERS) LATEST UPDATE
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hb9u8l
2025/2026
1. Pharmacokinetics The process in which medications move through the body
2. What are the 4 phases absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
of pharmacokinetics?
3. Absorption happens with drug movement from the GI tract into the bloodstream. Most
meds are taken by mouth.
4. Oral absorption Takes awhile to get absorbed because it has to go through the GI system
Usually takes 2-4 hours
•Enteric coated
aspirin - hard on stomach
can not crush pill
•Extended release
absorbed in the small intestine
5. IM absorption Absorbed 1-2 hours
6. IV absorption Absorbed 30-60 minutes
7. dissolution Dissolution happens when a po medication breaks down into particles,
disintegrates, and dissolves to combine with liquid so absorption from the
GI tract into the bloodstream occurs.
Liquid medications are absorbed faster than solids. Food can interfere with
the absorption of drugs.
8. Drugs that resist dis- Parenteral medications (SL, eyedrops, inhalants, transdermal) do not pass
solution through the GI tract.
Enteric coated medications are designed to resist disintegration until the
pill reaches the small intestine. EC and sustained release meds should not
be crushed.
9.
, Galen NUR 210 Pharmacology Exam 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hb9u8l
Factors that affect ab- •Lack of muscle and increased fat changes medicine absorption
sorption •Food consumption - will change medicine potency (delayed)
•Stress - Exercise, medicine goes to muscle
•pH - Medicine is made for acidic environments
•Antacid changes absorption
•Taken alone so it doesn't change the action
10. Excipients Fillers and other substances that make up tablets as a pill is not 100% drug.
Sometimes an excipient enhances the absorption of a drug such as with
PCN, which is not well absorbed from the GI tract.
Adding Na to PCN, which makes it penicillin sodium, will increase the
absorption of PCN
11. first pass effect •the oral drugs go to liver via portal vein where some of the drug becomes
inactive
•Only happens with oral medications
12. delayed gastric emp- Food doesn't move like it should
tying
13. Distribution refers to the movement of the drug from the circulation to body tissues
14. Factors affecting dis- -blood flow to tissues
tribution -protein binding
-blood brain barrier
-drug's affinity to the tissue
15. protein binding Drugs bind with proteins in blood
Some drugs are highly protein bound and other are weakly protein bound
16. free drugs drugs not bound to protein
17. Drug Toxicity -Two highly protein bound drugs compete and one might accumulate and
cause a toxicity
, Galen NUR 210 Pharmacology Exam 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hb9u8l
-it is important to know if you are administering highly protein bound
medications and monitor albumin levels in patients with liver or kidney
disease.
-Some drugs that are highly protein bound include: Warfarin
Furosemide
Diazepam
18. Drug distribution and -A decrease in albumin levels decrease the protein-binding sites, which
albumin means more of the free drug is circulated.
-This can be fatal with some meds.
-Free drugs are those not bound to protein, which means they are active
in the body and cause a pharmacologic response.
-Older adults, malnourished individuals, and those with liver or kidney
disease have low albumin levels.
19. Blood Brain Barrier -The BBB protects the brain from most drugs.
(BBB) -Some meds are able to cross the BBB such as benzodiazepines.
-Drugs can cross the placenta and cause spontaneous abortion or alter fetal
growth and development.
20. Metabolism •Chemically changes drug to a form that can be excreted
•Liver primary site
21. half-life •the time it takes for the drug in the body to be reduced by half
22. Loading dose use of a higher dose than what is usually used for treatment to allow the
drug to reach the critical concentration (therapeutic level) sooner
•Blood thinner
•Antibiotic
23. Exceretion the removal of waste products from medications which is done mainly
through the kidneys
Other routes for include lungs, sweat, saliva, and bile
