CM ELSEVIER UPDATED ACTUAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
1. The specific gravity of the glomerular ultrafiltrate is
____________.
a. 1.000
b. 1.010
c. 1.025
d. 1.040 - CORRECT ANSWERS b. 1.010
1. b. The ultrafiltrate that enters Bowman's capsule from the glomerulus has the same specific gravity as
protein-free plasma, roughly 1.010.
2. In an unpreserved urine specimen left at room temperature overnight, which of the following will have
increased?
a. Bacteria and nitrite
b. Specific gravity and bilirubin
c. Glucose and ketones
d. Urobilinogen and protein - CORRECT ANSWERS a. Bacteria and nitrite
2. a. Bacteria will continue to proliferate unless refrigerated, reducing urine nitrates to nitrites.
3. A first morning specimen would be requested to confirm which of the following?
a. Diabetes insipidus
b. Fanconi's syndrome
c. Urinary tract infection
d. Orthostatic proteinuria - CORRECT ANSWERS d. Orthostatic proteinuria
,3. d. Orthostatic or postural proteinuria is characterized by an elevated protein while a person is in the
upright (standing) position and normal protein excretion in a sitting or reclined position.
4. Failure to collect the last specimen of a timed urine collection will:
a. Cause falsely increased results
b. Affect the preservation of glucose
c. Cause falsely decreased results
d. Adversely affect reagent strip results - CORRECT ANSWERS c. Cause falsely decreased results
4. c. A timed urine collection, such as a 24-hour collection, involves voiding and discarding the specimen
at the beginning of the collection and voiding and collecting the specimen at the end of the timed
collection. If all urine collected during that time is not calculated into the total volume, constituents
present may be falsely decreased.
5. Which of the following is the principle of the reagent strip test for pH?
a. A double indicator reaction
b. The protein error of indicators
c. The diazo reaction
d. A dye-binding reaction - CORRECT ANSWERS a. A double indicator reaction
5. a. The method of detection includes two indicators, methyl red and bromothymol blue, which produce a
color change from blue or blue-green to yellow.
6. Which of the following best describes the chemical principle of the protein reagent strip?
a. Protein reacts with an immunocomplex on the pad
b. Protein causes apHchange on the reagent strip pad
c. Protein accepts hydrogen ions from an indicator dye
d. Protein causes protons to be released from a polyelectrolyte - CORRECT ANSWERS c. Protein
accepts hydrogen ions from an indicator dye
, 6. c. Testing for protein is based on the research findings bySorensenandcalled theprotein errorof
indicators, which is the ability of protein to alter the color of some acid-base indicators without altering
the pH.
7. Which of the following is the principle of the reagent strip test for glucose?
a. A double sequential enzyme reaction
b. Copper reduction
c. The peroxidase activity of glucose
d. Buffered reactions of mixed enzyme indicators - CORRECT ANSWERS a. A double sequential
enzyme reaction
7. a. Glucose detection is based on the enzymatic oxidase/ peroxidase method, in which glucose oxidase
catalyzes the formation of gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide from the oxidation of glucose. The
second enzyme, peroxidase, then catalyzes the reaction of hydrogen peroxide with tetramethylbenzidine
to form a colored complex.
8. Glucosuria not accompanied by hyperglycemia can be seen with which of the following?
a. Hormonal disorders
b. Gestational diabetes
c. Diabetes mellitus
d. Renal disease - CORRECT ANSWERS d. Renal disease
8. d. Glucosuria is glucose present in the urine. When no hyperglycemia is present in the patient, it can be
due to an acquired or inherited defect in the glucose transport or another renal tubular disorder.
9. Which of the following will cause ketonuria?
a. Ability to use carbohydrates
b. Adequate intake of carbohydrates
c. Decreased metabolism of carbohydrates
d. Excessive loss of carbohydrates - CORRECT ANSWERS d. Excessive loss of carbohydrates
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
1. The specific gravity of the glomerular ultrafiltrate is
____________.
a. 1.000
b. 1.010
c. 1.025
d. 1.040 - CORRECT ANSWERS b. 1.010
1. b. The ultrafiltrate that enters Bowman's capsule from the glomerulus has the same specific gravity as
protein-free plasma, roughly 1.010.
2. In an unpreserved urine specimen left at room temperature overnight, which of the following will have
increased?
a. Bacteria and nitrite
b. Specific gravity and bilirubin
c. Glucose and ketones
d. Urobilinogen and protein - CORRECT ANSWERS a. Bacteria and nitrite
2. a. Bacteria will continue to proliferate unless refrigerated, reducing urine nitrates to nitrites.
3. A first morning specimen would be requested to confirm which of the following?
a. Diabetes insipidus
b. Fanconi's syndrome
c. Urinary tract infection
d. Orthostatic proteinuria - CORRECT ANSWERS d. Orthostatic proteinuria
,3. d. Orthostatic or postural proteinuria is characterized by an elevated protein while a person is in the
upright (standing) position and normal protein excretion in a sitting or reclined position.
4. Failure to collect the last specimen of a timed urine collection will:
a. Cause falsely increased results
b. Affect the preservation of glucose
c. Cause falsely decreased results
d. Adversely affect reagent strip results - CORRECT ANSWERS c. Cause falsely decreased results
4. c. A timed urine collection, such as a 24-hour collection, involves voiding and discarding the specimen
at the beginning of the collection and voiding and collecting the specimen at the end of the timed
collection. If all urine collected during that time is not calculated into the total volume, constituents
present may be falsely decreased.
5. Which of the following is the principle of the reagent strip test for pH?
a. A double indicator reaction
b. The protein error of indicators
c. The diazo reaction
d. A dye-binding reaction - CORRECT ANSWERS a. A double indicator reaction
5. a. The method of detection includes two indicators, methyl red and bromothymol blue, which produce a
color change from blue or blue-green to yellow.
6. Which of the following best describes the chemical principle of the protein reagent strip?
a. Protein reacts with an immunocomplex on the pad
b. Protein causes apHchange on the reagent strip pad
c. Protein accepts hydrogen ions from an indicator dye
d. Protein causes protons to be released from a polyelectrolyte - CORRECT ANSWERS c. Protein
accepts hydrogen ions from an indicator dye
, 6. c. Testing for protein is based on the research findings bySorensenandcalled theprotein errorof
indicators, which is the ability of protein to alter the color of some acid-base indicators without altering
the pH.
7. Which of the following is the principle of the reagent strip test for glucose?
a. A double sequential enzyme reaction
b. Copper reduction
c. The peroxidase activity of glucose
d. Buffered reactions of mixed enzyme indicators - CORRECT ANSWERS a. A double sequential
enzyme reaction
7. a. Glucose detection is based on the enzymatic oxidase/ peroxidase method, in which glucose oxidase
catalyzes the formation of gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide from the oxidation of glucose. The
second enzyme, peroxidase, then catalyzes the reaction of hydrogen peroxide with tetramethylbenzidine
to form a colored complex.
8. Glucosuria not accompanied by hyperglycemia can be seen with which of the following?
a. Hormonal disorders
b. Gestational diabetes
c. Diabetes mellitus
d. Renal disease - CORRECT ANSWERS d. Renal disease
8. d. Glucosuria is glucose present in the urine. When no hyperglycemia is present in the patient, it can be
due to an acquired or inherited defect in the glucose transport or another renal tubular disorder.
9. Which of the following will cause ketonuria?
a. Ability to use carbohydrates
b. Adequate intake of carbohydrates
c. Decreased metabolism of carbohydrates
d. Excessive loss of carbohydrates - CORRECT ANSWERS d. Excessive loss of carbohydrates
