NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 2, updated
for 2025 Questions And Correct Answers (Verified
Answers) Plus Rationales 2025 Q&A | Instant Download
(University of Texas - Arlington)
1. What is the primary cause of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in
traumatic brain injury?
a) Excess cerebrospinal fluid production
b) Cerebral edema
c) Decreased cerebral blood flow
d) Skull fracture
b) Cerebral edema
Cerebral edema increases brain volume, leading to elevated ICP by compressing
brain structures and reducing compliance within the skull.
2. Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with diabetic
ketoacidosis (DKA)?
a) Hypernatremia
b) Hypokalemia
c) Hyperkalemia
d) Hypocalcemia
,c) Hyperkalemia
In DKA, acidosis causes potassium to shift out of cells, resulting in elevated
serum potassium despite total body potassium depletion.
3. What is the pathophysiological hallmark of acute respiratory distress
syndrome (ARDS)?
a) Bronchoconstriction
b) Alveolar-capillary membrane damage
c) Airway inflammation
d) Increased surfactant production
b) Alveolar-capillary membrane damage
Damage leads to increased permeability, causing pulmonary edema and
impaired gas exchange characteristic of ARDS.
4. Which hormone deficiency is primarily responsible for the symptoms of
Addison’s disease?
a) Cortisol
b) Thyroxine
c) Insulin
d) Parathyroid hormone
a) Cortisol
Addison’s disease results from adrenal cortex destruction, causing decreased
cortisol production and subsequent metabolic and immune dysfunction.
, 5. In congestive heart failure, what compensatory mechanism initially helps
maintain cardiac output?
a) Decreased heart rate
b) Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)
c) Vasodilation
d) Decreased sympathetic tone
b) Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)
RAAS activation promotes sodium and water retention and vasoconstriction to
increase blood volume and pressure, supporting cardiac output initially.
6. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is involved in hemolytic transfusion
reactions?
a) Type I
b) Type II
c) Type III
d) Type IV
b) Type II
Type II hypersensitivity involves antibody-mediated destruction of cells, such as
red blood cells in hemolytic transfusion reactions.
7. What is the primary pathophysiological change in multiple sclerosis?
, a) Neuronal demyelination
b) Neuronal apoptosis
c) Synaptic overgrowth
d) Increased neurotransmitter release
a) Neuronal demyelination
MS is characterized by autoimmune destruction of myelin sheaths, leading to
impaired nerve conduction.
8. Which acid-base imbalance is most commonly seen in chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD)?
a) Respiratory alkalosis
b) Metabolic alkalosis
c) Respiratory acidosis
d) Metabolic acidosis
c) Respiratory acidosis
COPD causes hypoventilation and CO2 retention, leading to respiratory acidosis.
9. What is the underlying defect in cystic fibrosis?
a) Excessive mucus production due to bacterial infection
b) Defective chloride ion transport
c) Impaired ciliary function
d) Overproduction of surfactant
for 2025 Questions And Correct Answers (Verified
Answers) Plus Rationales 2025 Q&A | Instant Download
(University of Texas - Arlington)
1. What is the primary cause of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in
traumatic brain injury?
a) Excess cerebrospinal fluid production
b) Cerebral edema
c) Decreased cerebral blood flow
d) Skull fracture
b) Cerebral edema
Cerebral edema increases brain volume, leading to elevated ICP by compressing
brain structures and reducing compliance within the skull.
2. Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with diabetic
ketoacidosis (DKA)?
a) Hypernatremia
b) Hypokalemia
c) Hyperkalemia
d) Hypocalcemia
,c) Hyperkalemia
In DKA, acidosis causes potassium to shift out of cells, resulting in elevated
serum potassium despite total body potassium depletion.
3. What is the pathophysiological hallmark of acute respiratory distress
syndrome (ARDS)?
a) Bronchoconstriction
b) Alveolar-capillary membrane damage
c) Airway inflammation
d) Increased surfactant production
b) Alveolar-capillary membrane damage
Damage leads to increased permeability, causing pulmonary edema and
impaired gas exchange characteristic of ARDS.
4. Which hormone deficiency is primarily responsible for the symptoms of
Addison’s disease?
a) Cortisol
b) Thyroxine
c) Insulin
d) Parathyroid hormone
a) Cortisol
Addison’s disease results from adrenal cortex destruction, causing decreased
cortisol production and subsequent metabolic and immune dysfunction.
, 5. In congestive heart failure, what compensatory mechanism initially helps
maintain cardiac output?
a) Decreased heart rate
b) Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)
c) Vasodilation
d) Decreased sympathetic tone
b) Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)
RAAS activation promotes sodium and water retention and vasoconstriction to
increase blood volume and pressure, supporting cardiac output initially.
6. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is involved in hemolytic transfusion
reactions?
a) Type I
b) Type II
c) Type III
d) Type IV
b) Type II
Type II hypersensitivity involves antibody-mediated destruction of cells, such as
red blood cells in hemolytic transfusion reactions.
7. What is the primary pathophysiological change in multiple sclerosis?
, a) Neuronal demyelination
b) Neuronal apoptosis
c) Synaptic overgrowth
d) Increased neurotransmitter release
a) Neuronal demyelination
MS is characterized by autoimmune destruction of myelin sheaths, leading to
impaired nerve conduction.
8. Which acid-base imbalance is most commonly seen in chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD)?
a) Respiratory alkalosis
b) Metabolic alkalosis
c) Respiratory acidosis
d) Metabolic acidosis
c) Respiratory acidosis
COPD causes hypoventilation and CO2 retention, leading to respiratory acidosis.
9. What is the underlying defect in cystic fibrosis?
a) Excessive mucus production due to bacterial infection
b) Defective chloride ion transport
c) Impaired ciliary function
d) Overproduction of surfactant
