Page | 1
ABFM HEALTH COUNSELING AND PREVENTIVE
CARE EXAM 2025| BRAND NEW ACTUAL EXAM WITH
100% VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
SOLUTIONS| GUARANTEED VALUE PACK| ACE YOUR
GRADES.
You are counseling a 45-year-old male with elevated LDL-cholesterol.
When discussing dietary changes to promote healthy lipid levels, which one
of the following would be accurate advice?
He should minimize his consumption of nuts
The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet recommended
for reducing hypertension will help lower his LDL-cholesterol level
Saturated fats should comprise 15% or less of his caloric intake
He should aim for a fiber intake of 25 g daily
He should record what he has eaten in a food diary at the end of each day -
correct answer - B
In 2013, the American Heart Association (AHA) issued lifestyle
management guidelines designed to reduce cardiovascular risk. For adult
patients with elevated LDL-cholesterol levels the AHA advises following
diet plans such as the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)
diet, the AHA diet, or the USDA Food Pattern. The AHA specifically
recommends reducing the percentage of calories from saturated fat, aiming
for a goal of 6%-7% of calories from this source. The AHA also
recommends a diet that emphasizes the consumption of fruits, vegetables,
and whole grains, and which includes fish, poultry, low-fat dairy products,
legumes, nontropical vegetable oils, and nuts. Consumption of red meat,
, Page | 2
sweets, and sugar-sweetened beverages should be discouraged.Although
dietary fiber has been shown to have several beneficial health effects, the
average daily intake for most Americans is 15 g daily, which is much lower
than the recommended amount. The recommended daily fiber intake for
males age 14-50 is 38 g daily. For other populations the recommended
amount is lower, and varies according to age and sex. Several randomized,
controlled trials have shown a reduction of LDL-cholesterol with higher fiber
consumption. A food diary is an important aspect of dietary behavior
change but it is most accurate if entries are made immediately after food is
consumed.
A 24-year-old female sees you for a preconception visit and removal of her
IUD. This will be her first pregnancy and she tells you that she has smoked
¼-½ pack of cigarettes a day for the past 5 years.Which one of the
following would be appropriate advice regarding the risks from smoking?
Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of attention-
deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of clubfoot
Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of congenital atrial septal
defects
Stopping smoking now will reduce the increased risk of orofacial defects in
her infant
Reducing smoking now will reduce the risk of preterm delivery - correct
answer - D
There are many reproductive problems related to smoking, including
conception delay and both primary and secondary infertility; an increased
risk of ectopic pregnancy and spontaneous abortion; an increased risk of
abruption, preterm rupture of membranes, placenta previa, and premature
delivery; and increased perinatal morbidity and mortality, including stillbirth,
, Page | 3
low birth weight, and SIDS-related deaths. The 2001 Surgeon General's
Report on women and smoking makes it clear that stopping smoking during
pregnancy reduces and sometimes eliminates many of these
consequences.Small for gestational age (SGA) infants are a dose-
dependent outcome of maternal smoking, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.11
when women smoke throughout pregnancy. Risks for prematurity (OR
1.15) and fetal death (OR 1.15) are also increased. The risk of having an
SGA infant is avoided if smoking is reduced, but the risks for prematurity
and increased fetal death are not.In 2014 the U.S. Surgeon General issued
a new report on the health consequences of smoking that noted that the
evidence was strong enough to infer a causal link between maternal
smoking and orofacial clefts. This was still true when the Surgeon General
issued a report on smoking cessation in 2020. No link could be inferred,
however, between smoking and other congenital defects, including
clubfoot, gastroschisis, and atrial septal defects. There is no evidence that
maternal smoking leads to increased rates of childhood attention-
deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
A 55-year-old male expresses concern about his inability to maintain an
erection that allows for satisfactory sexual intercourse with his wife. He
takes over-the-counter diphenhydramine (Benadryl) at night for sleep and
takes a daily multivitamin. He says he drinks one 12-ounce beer 2-3 times
per week. A physical examination is normal, including his blood
pressure.Which one of the following would you tell him?
Most cases of erectile dysfunction (ED) have a psychogenic etiology
Diphenhydramine has little impact on his ED
Abstaining from alcohol use will improve his symptoms
Erectile dysfunction may be an early indication of vascular disease
About 5% of men his age experience ED - correct answer - D
, Page | 4
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is common, affecting an estimated 30 million men
in the United States, and becomes more common with advancing age. The
Health Professionals Follow-up Study reported moderate to severe ED in
12% of men younger than 59, 22% of men ages 60-69, and 30% of men
older than 69.It was previously thought that the majority of cases of ED
were caused by psychogenic factors such as family or occupational stress.
However, evidence suggests that approximately 80% of ED is due to
organic disease, which can be divided into hormonal, vasculogenic, and
neurogenic causes. Vasculogenic etiologies are the most common, with
arterial or "inflow" disorders accounting for more problems than venous
disorders. The patient should be advised that their ED is a risk factor for
underlying cardiovascular disease and that further evaluation may be
appropriate. It is important to remember, however, that even though the
primary etiology of ED is most often organic, psychological factors
frequently coexist and play a role in the dysfunction.Many medications can
cause or contribute to ED. It is estimated that as many as 25% of ED cases
are due to medication side effects. This highlights the crucial role of the
primary care physician in reviewing medication lists and modifying
treatment regimens as part of addressing ED. Common offenders include
antihistamines, antihypertensives and diuretics such as hydrochlorothiazide
and spironolactone, psychoactive medications including SSRIs, and anti-
epilepsy medications. It is not clear whether low amounts of alcohol cause
erectile dysfunction.
A 42-year-old female sees you for a routine health maintenance visit. Her
neighbor was just diagnosed with ovarian cancer and has encouraged her
to have her CA-125 level checked. The patient asks about ovarian cancer
risk factors, prevention, and screening. Which one of the following would be
appropriate advice?
A past history of oral contraceptive use increases the risk for ovarian
cancer
ABFM HEALTH COUNSELING AND PREVENTIVE
CARE EXAM 2025| BRAND NEW ACTUAL EXAM WITH
100% VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
SOLUTIONS| GUARANTEED VALUE PACK| ACE YOUR
GRADES.
You are counseling a 45-year-old male with elevated LDL-cholesterol.
When discussing dietary changes to promote healthy lipid levels, which one
of the following would be accurate advice?
He should minimize his consumption of nuts
The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet recommended
for reducing hypertension will help lower his LDL-cholesterol level
Saturated fats should comprise 15% or less of his caloric intake
He should aim for a fiber intake of 25 g daily
He should record what he has eaten in a food diary at the end of each day -
correct answer - B
In 2013, the American Heart Association (AHA) issued lifestyle
management guidelines designed to reduce cardiovascular risk. For adult
patients with elevated LDL-cholesterol levels the AHA advises following
diet plans such as the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)
diet, the AHA diet, or the USDA Food Pattern. The AHA specifically
recommends reducing the percentage of calories from saturated fat, aiming
for a goal of 6%-7% of calories from this source. The AHA also
recommends a diet that emphasizes the consumption of fruits, vegetables,
and whole grains, and which includes fish, poultry, low-fat dairy products,
legumes, nontropical vegetable oils, and nuts. Consumption of red meat,
, Page | 2
sweets, and sugar-sweetened beverages should be discouraged.Although
dietary fiber has been shown to have several beneficial health effects, the
average daily intake for most Americans is 15 g daily, which is much lower
than the recommended amount. The recommended daily fiber intake for
males age 14-50 is 38 g daily. For other populations the recommended
amount is lower, and varies according to age and sex. Several randomized,
controlled trials have shown a reduction of LDL-cholesterol with higher fiber
consumption. A food diary is an important aspect of dietary behavior
change but it is most accurate if entries are made immediately after food is
consumed.
A 24-year-old female sees you for a preconception visit and removal of her
IUD. This will be her first pregnancy and she tells you that she has smoked
¼-½ pack of cigarettes a day for the past 5 years.Which one of the
following would be appropriate advice regarding the risks from smoking?
Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of attention-
deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of clubfoot
Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of congenital atrial septal
defects
Stopping smoking now will reduce the increased risk of orofacial defects in
her infant
Reducing smoking now will reduce the risk of preterm delivery - correct
answer - D
There are many reproductive problems related to smoking, including
conception delay and both primary and secondary infertility; an increased
risk of ectopic pregnancy and spontaneous abortion; an increased risk of
abruption, preterm rupture of membranes, placenta previa, and premature
delivery; and increased perinatal morbidity and mortality, including stillbirth,
, Page | 3
low birth weight, and SIDS-related deaths. The 2001 Surgeon General's
Report on women and smoking makes it clear that stopping smoking during
pregnancy reduces and sometimes eliminates many of these
consequences.Small for gestational age (SGA) infants are a dose-
dependent outcome of maternal smoking, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.11
when women smoke throughout pregnancy. Risks for prematurity (OR
1.15) and fetal death (OR 1.15) are also increased. The risk of having an
SGA infant is avoided if smoking is reduced, but the risks for prematurity
and increased fetal death are not.In 2014 the U.S. Surgeon General issued
a new report on the health consequences of smoking that noted that the
evidence was strong enough to infer a causal link between maternal
smoking and orofacial clefts. This was still true when the Surgeon General
issued a report on smoking cessation in 2020. No link could be inferred,
however, between smoking and other congenital defects, including
clubfoot, gastroschisis, and atrial septal defects. There is no evidence that
maternal smoking leads to increased rates of childhood attention-
deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
A 55-year-old male expresses concern about his inability to maintain an
erection that allows for satisfactory sexual intercourse with his wife. He
takes over-the-counter diphenhydramine (Benadryl) at night for sleep and
takes a daily multivitamin. He says he drinks one 12-ounce beer 2-3 times
per week. A physical examination is normal, including his blood
pressure.Which one of the following would you tell him?
Most cases of erectile dysfunction (ED) have a psychogenic etiology
Diphenhydramine has little impact on his ED
Abstaining from alcohol use will improve his symptoms
Erectile dysfunction may be an early indication of vascular disease
About 5% of men his age experience ED - correct answer - D
, Page | 4
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is common, affecting an estimated 30 million men
in the United States, and becomes more common with advancing age. The
Health Professionals Follow-up Study reported moderate to severe ED in
12% of men younger than 59, 22% of men ages 60-69, and 30% of men
older than 69.It was previously thought that the majority of cases of ED
were caused by psychogenic factors such as family or occupational stress.
However, evidence suggests that approximately 80% of ED is due to
organic disease, which can be divided into hormonal, vasculogenic, and
neurogenic causes. Vasculogenic etiologies are the most common, with
arterial or "inflow" disorders accounting for more problems than venous
disorders. The patient should be advised that their ED is a risk factor for
underlying cardiovascular disease and that further evaluation may be
appropriate. It is important to remember, however, that even though the
primary etiology of ED is most often organic, psychological factors
frequently coexist and play a role in the dysfunction.Many medications can
cause or contribute to ED. It is estimated that as many as 25% of ED cases
are due to medication side effects. This highlights the crucial role of the
primary care physician in reviewing medication lists and modifying
treatment regimens as part of addressing ED. Common offenders include
antihistamines, antihypertensives and diuretics such as hydrochlorothiazide
and spironolactone, psychoactive medications including SSRIs, and anti-
epilepsy medications. It is not clear whether low amounts of alcohol cause
erectile dysfunction.
A 42-year-old female sees you for a routine health maintenance visit. Her
neighbor was just diagnosed with ovarian cancer and has encouraged her
to have her CA-125 level checked. The patient asks about ovarian cancer
risk factors, prevention, and screening. Which one of the following would be
appropriate advice?
A past history of oral contraceptive use increases the risk for ovarian
cancer
