QUESTION 1
1.1. List and briefly describe four (4) stages of reading development in the Foundation Phase.
In the Foundation Phase, reading development unfolds in several key stages:
Emergent Reading: This stage begins early in a child's life and continues as they grow.
Children start to develop an awareness of sounds and language through daily exposure to
various forms of print, such as pictures, signs, and bold text, as well as incidental print they
encounter in their environment.
Phonemic Awareness: In Grade R, learners focus on developing phonemic awareness. This
involves listening for and recognizing sounds and patterns in spoken language, which lays the
foundation for understanding phonics.
Phonic Learning: After gaining phonemic awareness, learners begin phonic instruction. They
start to match letter-sounds and understand that spoken language consists of sounds that follow
specific patterns.
Understanding Print Meaning: As learners interact with print, they start to realize that
written text carries meaning.
1.2. What is phonemic awareness? Give 2 reasons why phonemic awareness is important in
early reading instruction.
Phonemic awareness is the ability to listen for and recognize sounds and sound patterns in spoken
language. It is a key auditory skill developed in the Foundation Phase, starting in Grade R. Phonemic
awareness is crucial in early reading instruction for the following reasons:
It helps prepare learners for the later development of phonics, where they will learn to identify
letter-sounds.
It enables learners to understand that spoken language is made up of individual sounds that
follow specific patterns, which is essential for progressing to phonic learning.
1.3. Explain the difference between shared reading and guided reading.
Shared reading and guided reading are both instructional strategies used to support reading
development, but they differ in their approach and purpose:
Shared reading involves the teacher reading a text aloud to the learners, with the students following
along. This activity encourages active participation, where learners may help read familiar words or
phrases, and the teacher guides the group in understanding the text. It is often used with a larger
group and focuses on building comprehension and vocabulary in a shared, supportive environment.
Guided reading, on the other hand, is a more individualized or small-group activity. The teacher
provides targeted instruction based on the specific needs of each learner or group, guiding them
through a text while offering personalized support. The focus is on developing specific reading skills,
such as decoding, fluency, and comprehension, tailored to the learners' current reading levels.