Impact of the First World War Rowlatt Satyagraha [After 1919]
Effect of war was financed by war loans
Mahatma Gandhi wanted non-
and increasing taxes.
violent civil disobedience against
Doubling of prices between 1913 and 1918,
such unjust laws, which would start
leading to extreme hardship for the
with a hartal on 6 April.
common people.
Rallies were organized in various
Forced recruitment in rural areas caused
cities, workers went on strike in
widespread anger.
railway workshops, and shops closed
Then in 1918-19 and 1920-21, crops failed
down.
in many parts of India, resulting in acute
shortages of food. British Involved
This was accompanied by an influenza Scared that lines of communication
epidemic. According to the census of 1921, such as the railways and telegraph
12 to 13 million people were died. would be disrupted, the British
Satyagraha & Mahatma Gandhi administration decided to suppress
Mahatma Gandhi returned to India in down on nationalists.
January 1915 from South Africa. Local leaders were picked up from
SATYAGRAHA: - If the cause was true, Amritsar, and Mahatma Gandhi was
if the struggle was against injustice, then banned from entering Delhi.
physical force was not necessary to fight 10 April 1919, Amritsar: Police
the oppressor. fired upon a peaceful procession,
Early Satyagraha of Gandhi ji provoking widespread attacks on
1916, Champaran, Bihar: inspires the banks, post offices and railway
peasants to struggle against the oppressive stations.
plantation system. Martial law was imposed and
1917, Kheda, Gujarat: he organized a General Dyer took command.
Satyagraha to support the peasants
affected by crop failure & plague Jallianwala Bagh Incident
epidemic, the peasants could not pay the [13 April’1919]
revenue, and were demanding that revenue
On that day a large crowd gathered in
collection be relaxed.
the Jallianwala Bagh. Some came to
1918, Ahmedabad, Gujarat: Organize a
protest against the government’s new
Satyagraha movement amongst cotton mill
repressive measures.
workers.
Others had come to attend the annual
The Rowlatt Act [1919] Baisakhi fair. Being from outside the
city, many villagers were unaware of
This Act had been hurriedly passed
the martial law that had been imposed.
through the Imperial Legislative Council
Dyer entered the area, blocked the exit
despite the opposition of the Indian
points, and opened fire on the crowd,
members.
killing hundreds.
It gave the government enormous powers
His object, as he declared later, was to
to repress political activities, and allowed
‘produce a moral effect’, to create in
detention of political prisoners without
the minds of satyagrahis a feeling of
trial for two years.
terror and awe.
, After Jallianwala Bagh Incident Non – Corporation Movement
There were strikes, clashes with the police IDEA
and attacks on government buildings.
The government responded with brutal In his famous book Hind Swaraj
repression, seeking to humiliate and (1909), Mahatma Gandhi declared
terrorize people. that British rule was established in
Satyagrahis were forced to rub their noses India with the cooperation of
on the ground, crawl on the streets, and do Indians, and had survived only
salaam (salute) to all sahibs people were because of this cooperation.
flogged and villages (around Gujranwala If Indians refused to cooperate,
in Punjab, now in Pakistan) were bombed. British rule in India would collapse
Seeing violence spread, Mahatma Gandhi within a year, and swaraj would
called off the movement. come.
Khilafat Issue Start Up
Mahatma Gandhi now felt the need to It should begin with the surrender
launch a more broad-based movement in of titles that the government
India. For this he wants to merge Hindu awarded, and a boycott of civil
and Muslim. services, army, police, courts and
One way of doing this, he felt, was to take legislative councils, schools, and
up the Khilafat issue. foreign goods.
The First World War had ended with the Then, in case the government used
defeat of Ottoman Turkey. And there were repression, a full civil disobedience
rumors that a harsh peace treaty was going campaign would be launched.
to be imposed on the Ottoman emperor – Difficulties in Start Up
the spiritual head of the Islamic world (the
Khalifa). Many within the Congress were not
To defend the Khalifa’s temporal powers, a is favor to boycott the council
Khilafat Committee was formed in elections on November 1920.
Bombay in March 1919 In the months between September
Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali began and December there was an intense
discussing with Mahatma Gandhi about tussle within the Congress.
the possibility of a united mass action on Finally, at the Congress session at
the issue. Nagpur in December 1920, a
Gandhi ji saw this as an opportunity to compromise was worked out and the
bring Muslims under the umbrella of a Non-Cooperation programme was
unified national movement. adopted.
At the Calcutta session of the Congress
Call off: Chauri – Chaura incident [1922]
in September 1920, he convinced other
leaders of the need to start a non- At Chauri Chaura in Gorakhpur, a
cooperation movement in support of peaceful demonstration in a bazaar
Khilafat as well as for swaraj. turned into a violent clash with the
police.
These all situations give rise to --- Police stations were burnt and 22
policemen were killed.
Hearing of the incident, Mahatma
Non – Corporation Movement Gandhi called a halt to the Non-
Cooperation Movement.
Effect of war was financed by war loans
Mahatma Gandhi wanted non-
and increasing taxes.
violent civil disobedience against
Doubling of prices between 1913 and 1918,
such unjust laws, which would start
leading to extreme hardship for the
with a hartal on 6 April.
common people.
Rallies were organized in various
Forced recruitment in rural areas caused
cities, workers went on strike in
widespread anger.
railway workshops, and shops closed
Then in 1918-19 and 1920-21, crops failed
down.
in many parts of India, resulting in acute
shortages of food. British Involved
This was accompanied by an influenza Scared that lines of communication
epidemic. According to the census of 1921, such as the railways and telegraph
12 to 13 million people were died. would be disrupted, the British
Satyagraha & Mahatma Gandhi administration decided to suppress
Mahatma Gandhi returned to India in down on nationalists.
January 1915 from South Africa. Local leaders were picked up from
SATYAGRAHA: - If the cause was true, Amritsar, and Mahatma Gandhi was
if the struggle was against injustice, then banned from entering Delhi.
physical force was not necessary to fight 10 April 1919, Amritsar: Police
the oppressor. fired upon a peaceful procession,
Early Satyagraha of Gandhi ji provoking widespread attacks on
1916, Champaran, Bihar: inspires the banks, post offices and railway
peasants to struggle against the oppressive stations.
plantation system. Martial law was imposed and
1917, Kheda, Gujarat: he organized a General Dyer took command.
Satyagraha to support the peasants
affected by crop failure & plague Jallianwala Bagh Incident
epidemic, the peasants could not pay the [13 April’1919]
revenue, and were demanding that revenue
On that day a large crowd gathered in
collection be relaxed.
the Jallianwala Bagh. Some came to
1918, Ahmedabad, Gujarat: Organize a
protest against the government’s new
Satyagraha movement amongst cotton mill
repressive measures.
workers.
Others had come to attend the annual
The Rowlatt Act [1919] Baisakhi fair. Being from outside the
city, many villagers were unaware of
This Act had been hurriedly passed
the martial law that had been imposed.
through the Imperial Legislative Council
Dyer entered the area, blocked the exit
despite the opposition of the Indian
points, and opened fire on the crowd,
members.
killing hundreds.
It gave the government enormous powers
His object, as he declared later, was to
to repress political activities, and allowed
‘produce a moral effect’, to create in
detention of political prisoners without
the minds of satyagrahis a feeling of
trial for two years.
terror and awe.
, After Jallianwala Bagh Incident Non – Corporation Movement
There were strikes, clashes with the police IDEA
and attacks on government buildings.
The government responded with brutal In his famous book Hind Swaraj
repression, seeking to humiliate and (1909), Mahatma Gandhi declared
terrorize people. that British rule was established in
Satyagrahis were forced to rub their noses India with the cooperation of
on the ground, crawl on the streets, and do Indians, and had survived only
salaam (salute) to all sahibs people were because of this cooperation.
flogged and villages (around Gujranwala If Indians refused to cooperate,
in Punjab, now in Pakistan) were bombed. British rule in India would collapse
Seeing violence spread, Mahatma Gandhi within a year, and swaraj would
called off the movement. come.
Khilafat Issue Start Up
Mahatma Gandhi now felt the need to It should begin with the surrender
launch a more broad-based movement in of titles that the government
India. For this he wants to merge Hindu awarded, and a boycott of civil
and Muslim. services, army, police, courts and
One way of doing this, he felt, was to take legislative councils, schools, and
up the Khilafat issue. foreign goods.
The First World War had ended with the Then, in case the government used
defeat of Ottoman Turkey. And there were repression, a full civil disobedience
rumors that a harsh peace treaty was going campaign would be launched.
to be imposed on the Ottoman emperor – Difficulties in Start Up
the spiritual head of the Islamic world (the
Khalifa). Many within the Congress were not
To defend the Khalifa’s temporal powers, a is favor to boycott the council
Khilafat Committee was formed in elections on November 1920.
Bombay in March 1919 In the months between September
Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali began and December there was an intense
discussing with Mahatma Gandhi about tussle within the Congress.
the possibility of a united mass action on Finally, at the Congress session at
the issue. Nagpur in December 1920, a
Gandhi ji saw this as an opportunity to compromise was worked out and the
bring Muslims under the umbrella of a Non-Cooperation programme was
unified national movement. adopted.
At the Calcutta session of the Congress
Call off: Chauri – Chaura incident [1922]
in September 1920, he convinced other
leaders of the need to start a non- At Chauri Chaura in Gorakhpur, a
cooperation movement in support of peaceful demonstration in a bazaar
Khilafat as well as for swaraj. turned into a violent clash with the
police.
These all situations give rise to --- Police stations were burnt and 22
policemen were killed.
Hearing of the incident, Mahatma
Non – Corporation Movement Gandhi called a halt to the Non-
Cooperation Movement.
