MCPHS ONLINE ANATOMY 1 Module 1
1- Anatomy
Study of structure
Physiology:
Study of processes or functions reveals dynamic nature of living things considers operations of
specific organ systems
cell physiology:
examines processes in the cell
cell=
smallest Structural funcional living thing that we can study.
Neurophysiology:
how nervous system works
Cardiovascuar:
heart + blood vessels
Gross/ macroscopic
structures examıned w/o microscope
regional anatomy (gross)
region by region systemic:
system by system (cells + tissues =Systems)
surface
external shape and relationship to more complex structures (through x-ray and anatomical
imaging) Microscopic
structures seen w/ microscope
Cytology
Cellular anatomy
Hystology
Study of tissues
Subjects that encompass A&P
Pathology, exercise physiology
Pathology
structural and functional changes caused by disease
Exercise Physiology
changes in structure and function caused by exercise
Note that body changes when exercised regularly
- bigger muscles (a change in how the body works) - growth in muscles (change in anatomy)
Structural and functional organizations
1. Chemical Level
2. Cell Level
3. Tissue Level
4. Organ Level
, 5. Organ System
6. Organism
chemical level
interaction of atoms
cell level
structural and functional unit of living organisms
tissue level
groups of similar cells that have a common function
organ level
one or more tissues functioning together
Eg. cardiac muscle tissue will come together to make the heart
organ structure group of organs that work together to perform a specific function
11 total
Organism
Anything that exists Characteristics of life
metabolism, responsiveness, organization, growth, development, and reproduction
Characteristic of life: organization
condition in which there are specific relationships and functions
Characteristic of life: metabolism
All chemical reactions of the body
Fast= processing chemical reactions at a higher rate
Slow= less reactions
Characteristic of life: responsiveness
ability to adapt and sense change - reaction to environment (eg. putting on a jacket)
Characteristic of life: growth
Increase in size/number of cells
Cells must be large enough to carry out the tasks we want them to. Characteristic of life:
development
Changes in organism over time
Differentiation
Make the shift from general to specific. process in which cells become specialized in structure
and function
Morphogenesis
Change in shape or tissue, organ
Eg. Changes shape in the stomach to make food better. Characteristic of life: reproduction
production of new organisms and new cells
- skin and digestive cells have high turnover rate
- advance species
integumentary system
Major function: regulates temperature, protection
Major structures: skin, hair (nails and glands)
skeletal system
Major function: protection for organs, body movements
Major structures: skull, femur, pelvis, sternum, clavicle
1- Anatomy
Study of structure
Physiology:
Study of processes or functions reveals dynamic nature of living things considers operations of
specific organ systems
cell physiology:
examines processes in the cell
cell=
smallest Structural funcional living thing that we can study.
Neurophysiology:
how nervous system works
Cardiovascuar:
heart + blood vessels
Gross/ macroscopic
structures examıned w/o microscope
regional anatomy (gross)
region by region systemic:
system by system (cells + tissues =Systems)
surface
external shape and relationship to more complex structures (through x-ray and anatomical
imaging) Microscopic
structures seen w/ microscope
Cytology
Cellular anatomy
Hystology
Study of tissues
Subjects that encompass A&P
Pathology, exercise physiology
Pathology
structural and functional changes caused by disease
Exercise Physiology
changes in structure and function caused by exercise
Note that body changes when exercised regularly
- bigger muscles (a change in how the body works) - growth in muscles (change in anatomy)
Structural and functional organizations
1. Chemical Level
2. Cell Level
3. Tissue Level
4. Organ Level
, 5. Organ System
6. Organism
chemical level
interaction of atoms
cell level
structural and functional unit of living organisms
tissue level
groups of similar cells that have a common function
organ level
one or more tissues functioning together
Eg. cardiac muscle tissue will come together to make the heart
organ structure group of organs that work together to perform a specific function
11 total
Organism
Anything that exists Characteristics of life
metabolism, responsiveness, organization, growth, development, and reproduction
Characteristic of life: organization
condition in which there are specific relationships and functions
Characteristic of life: metabolism
All chemical reactions of the body
Fast= processing chemical reactions at a higher rate
Slow= less reactions
Characteristic of life: responsiveness
ability to adapt and sense change - reaction to environment (eg. putting on a jacket)
Characteristic of life: growth
Increase in size/number of cells
Cells must be large enough to carry out the tasks we want them to. Characteristic of life:
development
Changes in organism over time
Differentiation
Make the shift from general to specific. process in which cells become specialized in structure
and function
Morphogenesis
Change in shape or tissue, organ
Eg. Changes shape in the stomach to make food better. Characteristic of life: reproduction
production of new organisms and new cells
- skin and digestive cells have high turnover rate
- advance species
integumentary system
Major function: regulates temperature, protection
Major structures: skin, hair (nails and glands)
skeletal system
Major function: protection for organs, body movements
Major structures: skull, femur, pelvis, sternum, clavicle
