TAMU Pols 207 Smith Exam 3 | WITH COMPLETE AND DETAILED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | REAL EXAM QNA | 2025 LATEST
UPDATED 100% RATED CORRECT | 100% VERFIED | ALREADY
GRADED A+|GUARANTEED TO PASS!!
What is gross domestic product? - (answer)the total value of all the goods and services produced
in the US in a year. It's a measure of the size of the US economy.
What are progressive taxes? - (answer)As income goes up, % in taxes goes up. These require
people with higher income to pay a larger % of taxes than lower income people.
What are regressive taxes? - (answer)As income goes up, % in tax goes down. Take a larger
share of the income of low-income groups than from those who have a higher income. Flat taxes
are inherently regressive in natural.
What are the different sources of tax revenue for both state and local governments? - (answer)-
Property taxes (most important revenue for local government)
-Sales taxes
-Excise taxes
-Income taxes
-Corporate taxes
-Lottery and gambling revenue
-User charges
How are property tax exemptions used? - (answer)Properties that are used for nonprofit,
charitable, religious, educational, and other public purposes are generally tax exempt.
Which taxes are considered regressive? - (answer)General sales tax.
,Local property taxes.
What are excise taxes? - (answer)Taxes paid on certain specific goods like gas, cigarettes.
Why do states look to keep their corporate taxes low? - (answer)To attract new businesses. This
will bring more jobs to the state.
What is meant by a tax burden? - (answer)Taxes paid as a % of total personal income. Shows
how much of a personal burden paying taxes is based on that individual's income.
Which level of government is affected the most by limitations on taxation? - (answer)Local
governments are affected the most by a limitation on property taxes.
How do most Americans feel about taxes? - (answer)These taxes are too damn high!
Homeowners oppose property taxes as it really affects them. Individuals that rent a house or
apartment are going dislike sales tax more.
What are debt ceilings? - (answer)Limits the amount of money a government can borrow to a
proportion of the tax base. State constitutions may place restrictions on debts in this form.
Different types of bonds - (answer)General obligation bonds: backed by Full Faith and Credit of
the government that issues them. Pledges the full taxing powers of the government to pay both
the principal and interest due on the bonds. More secure.
Revenue bonds: not guaranteed by the issue government but instead are backed by whatever
revenues the project itself earns. Not backed by taxing powers, so lender face greater risks and
raise interest rates.
How is academic performance measured? - (answer)Dropout rate, SAT score, educational
attainment.
,What are magnet schools? - (answer)Schools specialize in certain areas of study to improve
quality and attract students. Like STEM schools.
What are charter schools? - (answer)School operated with public funds by private community
groups under a charter from public school districts or other granter agencies.
When can money be given to religious educational institutions? - (answer)Certain Supreme
Court cases suggest that money can be given to religious schools when it is neutral with respect
to religion. As long as the money isn't directly used for the teaching of religion.
What are the criticisms of No Child Left Behind? - (answer)It is narrow instead of
comprehensive in terms of thinking skills. It's a measure of progress or lack of progress that
should not be used to penalize schools but to offer more assistance to schools needing it, and
racial leaders believe that tests are racially biased because on average whites do better than
blacks.
How do states ensure local compliance with state educational policy? - (answer)Bureaucratic
oversight, involving state boards of education, state commissioners or superintendents of
education and state departments of education.
What body typically controls education within a state? - (answer)State boards of education-
control everything from teacher certification to textbook selection; mostly elected by governors
but voted on by the people.
Where do most schools get their revenue from? - (answer)State and federal assistance, private
funding, property taxes, and then bonds that are issued to pay for special projects.
What do school superintendents do? - (answer)Responsible for the management of the public
schools. 3 major responsibilities:
1.) Sets the agenda for school board decisions
2.) makes policy recommendations
3.) implements board decisions.
, What are the functions of college board of trustees? - (answer)Insulate higher education from the
vicissitudes of politics; propose budgetary requests to state legislatures for the universities, the
more independent the board of trustees the less likely funding will be distributed in pork barrel
fashion.
What is tenure? - (answer)Guaranteed permanent employment, especially as a teacher or
professor, after a probationary period.
Morrill Land Grant Act - (answer)In 1862, the Morrill Land Grant Act provided grants of federal
land to each state for the establishment of college specializing in agricultural and mechanical
arts. These became as land grant colleges. AKA A&M is one of these.
What are Pell grants? - (answer)offer students in good standing a money grant each year, based
on the amount their families could reasonably be expected to contribute to their educational
expenses. Today, over 9 million students receive Pell grants, worth an average of about $3,000.
Grants do not need to be repaid.
What is the Lemon test? - (answer)A 3 part test for determining whether a particular state law
constitutes establishment of religion and thus violates the 1st amendment. The 3 parts are:
1. must have secular purpose
2. as it's primary effect, must neither advance nor inhibit religion
3. must not foster an excessive government entanglement with religion.
Engel v Vitale - (answer)Landmark US Supreme Court case that ruled it is unconstitutional for
state officials to compose an official school prayer and encourage its recitation in public schools.
What is the poverty rate? - (answer)14.8%.
What is the "feminization of poverty"? - (answer)The concept that describes the idea that women
represent disproportionate %'s of the world's poor.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | REAL EXAM QNA | 2025 LATEST
UPDATED 100% RATED CORRECT | 100% VERFIED | ALREADY
GRADED A+|GUARANTEED TO PASS!!
What is gross domestic product? - (answer)the total value of all the goods and services produced
in the US in a year. It's a measure of the size of the US economy.
What are progressive taxes? - (answer)As income goes up, % in taxes goes up. These require
people with higher income to pay a larger % of taxes than lower income people.
What are regressive taxes? - (answer)As income goes up, % in tax goes down. Take a larger
share of the income of low-income groups than from those who have a higher income. Flat taxes
are inherently regressive in natural.
What are the different sources of tax revenue for both state and local governments? - (answer)-
Property taxes (most important revenue for local government)
-Sales taxes
-Excise taxes
-Income taxes
-Corporate taxes
-Lottery and gambling revenue
-User charges
How are property tax exemptions used? - (answer)Properties that are used for nonprofit,
charitable, religious, educational, and other public purposes are generally tax exempt.
Which taxes are considered regressive? - (answer)General sales tax.
,Local property taxes.
What are excise taxes? - (answer)Taxes paid on certain specific goods like gas, cigarettes.
Why do states look to keep their corporate taxes low? - (answer)To attract new businesses. This
will bring more jobs to the state.
What is meant by a tax burden? - (answer)Taxes paid as a % of total personal income. Shows
how much of a personal burden paying taxes is based on that individual's income.
Which level of government is affected the most by limitations on taxation? - (answer)Local
governments are affected the most by a limitation on property taxes.
How do most Americans feel about taxes? - (answer)These taxes are too damn high!
Homeowners oppose property taxes as it really affects them. Individuals that rent a house or
apartment are going dislike sales tax more.
What are debt ceilings? - (answer)Limits the amount of money a government can borrow to a
proportion of the tax base. State constitutions may place restrictions on debts in this form.
Different types of bonds - (answer)General obligation bonds: backed by Full Faith and Credit of
the government that issues them. Pledges the full taxing powers of the government to pay both
the principal and interest due on the bonds. More secure.
Revenue bonds: not guaranteed by the issue government but instead are backed by whatever
revenues the project itself earns. Not backed by taxing powers, so lender face greater risks and
raise interest rates.
How is academic performance measured? - (answer)Dropout rate, SAT score, educational
attainment.
,What are magnet schools? - (answer)Schools specialize in certain areas of study to improve
quality and attract students. Like STEM schools.
What are charter schools? - (answer)School operated with public funds by private community
groups under a charter from public school districts or other granter agencies.
When can money be given to religious educational institutions? - (answer)Certain Supreme
Court cases suggest that money can be given to religious schools when it is neutral with respect
to religion. As long as the money isn't directly used for the teaching of religion.
What are the criticisms of No Child Left Behind? - (answer)It is narrow instead of
comprehensive in terms of thinking skills. It's a measure of progress or lack of progress that
should not be used to penalize schools but to offer more assistance to schools needing it, and
racial leaders believe that tests are racially biased because on average whites do better than
blacks.
How do states ensure local compliance with state educational policy? - (answer)Bureaucratic
oversight, involving state boards of education, state commissioners or superintendents of
education and state departments of education.
What body typically controls education within a state? - (answer)State boards of education-
control everything from teacher certification to textbook selection; mostly elected by governors
but voted on by the people.
Where do most schools get their revenue from? - (answer)State and federal assistance, private
funding, property taxes, and then bonds that are issued to pay for special projects.
What do school superintendents do? - (answer)Responsible for the management of the public
schools. 3 major responsibilities:
1.) Sets the agenda for school board decisions
2.) makes policy recommendations
3.) implements board decisions.
, What are the functions of college board of trustees? - (answer)Insulate higher education from the
vicissitudes of politics; propose budgetary requests to state legislatures for the universities, the
more independent the board of trustees the less likely funding will be distributed in pork barrel
fashion.
What is tenure? - (answer)Guaranteed permanent employment, especially as a teacher or
professor, after a probationary period.
Morrill Land Grant Act - (answer)In 1862, the Morrill Land Grant Act provided grants of federal
land to each state for the establishment of college specializing in agricultural and mechanical
arts. These became as land grant colleges. AKA A&M is one of these.
What are Pell grants? - (answer)offer students in good standing a money grant each year, based
on the amount their families could reasonably be expected to contribute to their educational
expenses. Today, over 9 million students receive Pell grants, worth an average of about $3,000.
Grants do not need to be repaid.
What is the Lemon test? - (answer)A 3 part test for determining whether a particular state law
constitutes establishment of religion and thus violates the 1st amendment. The 3 parts are:
1. must have secular purpose
2. as it's primary effect, must neither advance nor inhibit religion
3. must not foster an excessive government entanglement with religion.
Engel v Vitale - (answer)Landmark US Supreme Court case that ruled it is unconstitutional for
state officials to compose an official school prayer and encourage its recitation in public schools.
What is the poverty rate? - (answer)14.8%.
What is the "feminization of poverty"? - (answer)The concept that describes the idea that women
represent disproportionate %'s of the world's poor.
