GN 301 Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hg89iq
1. 4 main types of cancer sarcoma,
carcinoma,
lymphoma,
leukemia
2. Sarcoma solid tumor from mesoderm tissues
including bone, cartilage, and muscle
1.9% of cancers
3. Carcinoma solid tumor from epithelial tissue in-
cluding colon, breast, skin, respiratory,
and urinary tract cancers
85.3% of cancers
4. Lymphoma increased number of white blood
cells produced by spleen and lymph
nodes
5.4% of cancer
5. Leukemia increased number of white blood cells
produced by bone marrow
3.4% of cancer
6. anaplasia undifferentiated cell structure and
function
7. hyperplasia uncontrolled cell division
8. metasis ability to spend and establish tumors
in other parts of the body
9. oncogene a mutated form of proto-oncogenes
that cause too much cell division
, GN 301 Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hg89iq
tumor development can occur if one or
both copies of the gene in a cell are
defective
GAS PEDAL IN CAR, DON'T WANT TO
GO TOO FAST THOUGH
10. tumor suppressor gene normally function to prevent damaged
cells from dividing
when mutated, damaged cells can di-
vide uncontrollably causing a tumor
both copies of a tumor suppressor
gene have to be defective in the same
cell for tumor development to occur
BRAKES IN A CAR THAT LIMIT CELL
PRODUCTION
11. p53 gene "fork in the road", located on chromo-
some 17, tumor suppressor gene, mu-
tated form seen in diverse cancer types
including colon, lung, breast, brain; al-
tered form found in 50% of human
tumors
12. two-hit hypothesis for some cancer types both copies of the gene have to be de-
fective in the same cell to allow tumor
to develop
13. example of cancer type due to reciprocal Burkitt's Lymphoma, Chronic Myel-
translocation ogenous Leukemia
14. example of cancer type due to a series of tu- colon cancer
mor suppressor and oncogene mutations
, GN 301 Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hg89iq
15. RB gene TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE. A/w:
Retinoblastoma, and osteosarcoma.
16. BRCA1 gene and BRCA 2 gene TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES; 10% of
Breast and Ovarian Cancer.
17. Epstein Barr Virus linked to Burkitt's lymphoma
18. epigenetics "above the genetics", the study of her-
itable changes in gene expression that
occur without alterations in the DNA
19. histone modification turning gene expression on and off by
chemical tags
20. what info do genetic counselors give to pa- medical, psychological, and familial
tients information regarding genetic con-
tributions to disease, like inheri-
tance, dealing with deisease, promot-
ing adaptation to the risk or condition
21. what info do genetic counselors need from family, medical, developmental, and
patients reproductive history
22. where do genetic counselors work genetic companies and in private of-
fices in close relation to medical and
psychological professionals
23. non-directive counseling the genetic counselor shares his/her
expertise, knowledge, and experi-
ences
but the patient and the patient's family
members are responsible for making
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hg89iq
1. 4 main types of cancer sarcoma,
carcinoma,
lymphoma,
leukemia
2. Sarcoma solid tumor from mesoderm tissues
including bone, cartilage, and muscle
1.9% of cancers
3. Carcinoma solid tumor from epithelial tissue in-
cluding colon, breast, skin, respiratory,
and urinary tract cancers
85.3% of cancers
4. Lymphoma increased number of white blood
cells produced by spleen and lymph
nodes
5.4% of cancer
5. Leukemia increased number of white blood cells
produced by bone marrow
3.4% of cancer
6. anaplasia undifferentiated cell structure and
function
7. hyperplasia uncontrolled cell division
8. metasis ability to spend and establish tumors
in other parts of the body
9. oncogene a mutated form of proto-oncogenes
that cause too much cell division
, GN 301 Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hg89iq
tumor development can occur if one or
both copies of the gene in a cell are
defective
GAS PEDAL IN CAR, DON'T WANT TO
GO TOO FAST THOUGH
10. tumor suppressor gene normally function to prevent damaged
cells from dividing
when mutated, damaged cells can di-
vide uncontrollably causing a tumor
both copies of a tumor suppressor
gene have to be defective in the same
cell for tumor development to occur
BRAKES IN A CAR THAT LIMIT CELL
PRODUCTION
11. p53 gene "fork in the road", located on chromo-
some 17, tumor suppressor gene, mu-
tated form seen in diverse cancer types
including colon, lung, breast, brain; al-
tered form found in 50% of human
tumors
12. two-hit hypothesis for some cancer types both copies of the gene have to be de-
fective in the same cell to allow tumor
to develop
13. example of cancer type due to reciprocal Burkitt's Lymphoma, Chronic Myel-
translocation ogenous Leukemia
14. example of cancer type due to a series of tu- colon cancer
mor suppressor and oncogene mutations
, GN 301 Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hg89iq
15. RB gene TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE. A/w:
Retinoblastoma, and osteosarcoma.
16. BRCA1 gene and BRCA 2 gene TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES; 10% of
Breast and Ovarian Cancer.
17. Epstein Barr Virus linked to Burkitt's lymphoma
18. epigenetics "above the genetics", the study of her-
itable changes in gene expression that
occur without alterations in the DNA
19. histone modification turning gene expression on and off by
chemical tags
20. what info do genetic counselors give to pa- medical, psychological, and familial
tients information regarding genetic con-
tributions to disease, like inheri-
tance, dealing with deisease, promot-
ing adaptation to the risk or condition
21. what info do genetic counselors need from family, medical, developmental, and
patients reproductive history
22. where do genetic counselors work genetic companies and in private of-
fices in close relation to medical and
psychological professionals
23. non-directive counseling the genetic counselor shares his/her
expertise, knowledge, and experi-
ences
but the patient and the patient's family
members are responsible for making
