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Sumario Reacciones químicas

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explicación resumida de las reacciones químicas su velocidad y la energía que absorben o desprenden

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ESO
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4

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Uploaded on
June 18, 2025
Number of pages
2
Written in
2024/2025
Type
Summary

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ENERGIA Y VELOCIDAD DE LAS
REACCIONES QUIMICAS
PRINCIPIO DE CONSERVACION DE LA ENERGIA:
La energía ni se crea ni se destruye solo se transfiere y se transforma

TIPOS DE REACCIONES SEGÚN EL INTERCAMBIO DE ENERGIA:

Exotérmicas: liberan energía (luz, calor) ∆𝐸 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝐸𝑝 − 𝐸𝑟 < 0

Endotérmicas: absorben energía ( luz, calor) ∆𝐸 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝐸𝑝 − 𝐸𝑟 > 0

FORMULA CALOR TRANSFERIDO
𝑄 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑑𝑜 = 𝑚 ∗ 𝐶𝑒 ∗ ∆ 𝑡

FORMULA PODER CALORIFICO
𝑄𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑑𝑜
𝑃𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑜 =
𝑚 𝑘𝑔


ENERGIA DE ENLACE
Energía necesaria para romper los enlaces de los reactivos y que se formen enlaces en los
productos
Energía de activación
Cuando las energía suficiente +E +V +T
TEORIA DE Choque
M moléculas de
COLISIONES eficaz
reactivos reactivos chocan
choque
Orientación adecuada
ineficaz




CINETICA DE REACCION
𝑚𝑜𝑙
∆𝐶 𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑉= = =
∆𝑡 𝑠 𝑙∗𝑠

1. [Reactivos]= colisiones = colisiones eficaces
2. Tª = velocidad = colisiones = colisiones eficaces
3. Grado de división del solido = superficie d contacto =
Velocidad de
colisiones = colisiones eficaces
reaccion
4. Catalizados e inividor = catalizadores son sustancias que
participan en la reacción química pero no reaccionan disminuyen
la energía de activación = colisiones eficaces
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