MARYVILLE UNIVERSITYNURS 611 EXAM 3 PATHO
2025 EXAM 2 LATEST VERSIONS ACTUAL EXAM TEST
BANK 2025 COMPLETE 250 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH CORRECT DETAILED RATIONALES|
GRADED A+ advanced Pathophysiology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which component of the epidermis initiates immune responses and provides a defense
against environmental antigens?
a. Langerhans cells c. Keratinocytes
b. Merkel cells d. Melanocytes
ANS: A
Langerhans cells (a type of dendritic cell) and dermal dendritic cells initiate an immune
response by presenting processed antigen to T cells, thus providing a defense against
environmental antigens. This function is not true of the other options.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 1617
2. Which cells of the dermis release histamine and play a role in the hypersensitivity
reactions of the skin?
a. Histiocytes c. Mast cells
b. Fibroblasts d. Macrophages
ANS: C
, Only mast cells release histamine and play a role in hypersensitivity reactions in the skin.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 1618
3. Which cells of the dermis secrete N
coUnRnSeIcNtGivTeBt.iCsO
suMe matrix?
a. Macrophages c. Fibroblasts
b. Mast cells d. Histiocytes
ANS: C
Only fibroblasts secrete the connective tissue matrix and collagen.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 1618
4. Which gland releases secretions that are important in thermoregulation and cooling of the
body through evaporation?
a. Sebaceous c. Eccrine
b. Apocrine d. Exocrine
ANS: C
The eccrine sweat glands are distributed over the body, with the greatest numbers in the
palms of the hands, soles of the feet, and forehead. These secretions are important in
thermoregulation and cooling of the body through evaporation. This function is not true
for the other options.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 1618
5. Which receptors of the sympathetic nervous system regulate heat loss through the skin?
a. Cholinergic c. -Adrenergic
b. ß-Adrenergic d. Anticholinergic
, ANS: C
Heat loss can be regulated by varying blood flow through the skin by opening and closing
the arteriovenous anastomoses in conjunction with evaporative heat loss of sweat. The
sympathetic nervous system regulates vasoconstriction and vasodilation through
-adrenergic receptors only.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 1619
6. What is the first change in the skin that indicates a pressure ulcer?
a. Blanchable erythema of intact skin
b. Nonblanchable erythema of intact skin
c. Blister at the site of pressure
d. Reddish-purple discoloration
ANS: B
Nonblanchable erythema of intact skin, usually over bony prominences, characterizes
stage 1 pressure ulcers. This selection is the only option that accurately identifies the initial
skin change indicative of a pressure ulcer.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 1625
7. Which type of dressings should be applied to pressure ulcers?
a. Flat and dry c. Bulky and dry
b. Flat and moist d. Bulky and moist
ANS: B
Superficial pressure ulcers should be covered with flat, nonbulky dressings that cannot
wrinkle or cause increased p res s u rNeUoRrSfIrNi cGt Ti oBn. C. S
OpMontaneous healing will occur more
quickly if the ulcer is kept moist with an occlusive dressing.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 1626
8. What term is used to identify skin lesions that are elevated, rounded, and firm with
irregular clawlike margins that extend beyond the original site of injury?
a. Psoriasis c. Acne
b. Dermatitis d. Keloid
ANS: D
Of the options available, only keloids typically send out clawlike prolongations.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 1626
9. Keloids are sharply elevated, irregularly shaped, progressively enlarging scars caused by
excessive amounts of which substance in the corneum during connective tissue repair?
a. Elastin c. Stroma
b. Collagen d. Reticular fibers
ANS: B
Abnormal wound healing with excessive fibroblast activity and collagen formation during
dermal connective tissue repair cause keloids. The other options are not associated with
keloid formation.
, PTS: 1 REF: Pages 1626-1627
10. In allergic contact dermatitis, which cells possess the antigens and present them to T cells?
a. Langerhans cells c. Keratinocytes
b. Merkel cells d. Macrophages
ANS: A
In allergic contact dermatitis, only Langerhans cells process the antigen and carry it to T
cells that then become sensitized to the antigen-releasing cytokines and chemokines,
leading to leukocyte infiltration and inflammation.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 1627-1628
11. In latex allergies, which immunoglobulin (Ig) is associated with an immediate reaction?
a. IgA c. IgG
b. IgE d. IgM
ANS: B
Latex allergy can be either a type IV hypersensitivity to chemicals used in latex rubber
processing or a type I immediate hypersensitivity, with IgE antibodies formed in response
to latex rubber protein. This selection is the only correct option available.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 1628
12. What medical term is used to identify an inflammatory disorder of the skin that is often
considered synonymous with dermatitis and characterized by pruritus with lesions that
have an indistinct border?
a. Eczema NURSINGTcB..COAMtopic dermatitis
b. Psoriasis d. Pityriasis rosea
ANS: A
The most common inflammatory disorder of the skin is eczema, or dermatitis. Eczema and
dermatitis are general terms that describe a particular type of inflammatory response in the
skin—these terms can be used interchangeably. Pruritus, lesions with indistinct borders,
and epidermal changes generally characterize diseases that are considered eczematous. Of
the available options, only eczema is associated with these characteristics.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 1627
13. What clinical manifestations do allergic contact and stasis dermatitis have in common?
a. Petechiae and hyperpigmentation c. Scaling and crusting of lesions
b. Edema and vesicular lesions d. Erythema and pruritus
ANS: D
Only erythema and pruritus are exhibited with both conditions.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 1627-1628
14. Lesions on the elbows and knees that are well demarcated, thick, silvery, scaly, and
erythematous characterize which type of psoriasis?
2025 EXAM 2 LATEST VERSIONS ACTUAL EXAM TEST
BANK 2025 COMPLETE 250 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH CORRECT DETAILED RATIONALES|
GRADED A+ advanced Pathophysiology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which component of the epidermis initiates immune responses and provides a defense
against environmental antigens?
a. Langerhans cells c. Keratinocytes
b. Merkel cells d. Melanocytes
ANS: A
Langerhans cells (a type of dendritic cell) and dermal dendritic cells initiate an immune
response by presenting processed antigen to T cells, thus providing a defense against
environmental antigens. This function is not true of the other options.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 1617
2. Which cells of the dermis release histamine and play a role in the hypersensitivity
reactions of the skin?
a. Histiocytes c. Mast cells
b. Fibroblasts d. Macrophages
ANS: C
, Only mast cells release histamine and play a role in hypersensitivity reactions in the skin.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 1618
3. Which cells of the dermis secrete N
coUnRnSeIcNtGivTeBt.iCsO
suMe matrix?
a. Macrophages c. Fibroblasts
b. Mast cells d. Histiocytes
ANS: C
Only fibroblasts secrete the connective tissue matrix and collagen.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 1618
4. Which gland releases secretions that are important in thermoregulation and cooling of the
body through evaporation?
a. Sebaceous c. Eccrine
b. Apocrine d. Exocrine
ANS: C
The eccrine sweat glands are distributed over the body, with the greatest numbers in the
palms of the hands, soles of the feet, and forehead. These secretions are important in
thermoregulation and cooling of the body through evaporation. This function is not true
for the other options.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 1618
5. Which receptors of the sympathetic nervous system regulate heat loss through the skin?
a. Cholinergic c. -Adrenergic
b. ß-Adrenergic d. Anticholinergic
, ANS: C
Heat loss can be regulated by varying blood flow through the skin by opening and closing
the arteriovenous anastomoses in conjunction with evaporative heat loss of sweat. The
sympathetic nervous system regulates vasoconstriction and vasodilation through
-adrenergic receptors only.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 1619
6. What is the first change in the skin that indicates a pressure ulcer?
a. Blanchable erythema of intact skin
b. Nonblanchable erythema of intact skin
c. Blister at the site of pressure
d. Reddish-purple discoloration
ANS: B
Nonblanchable erythema of intact skin, usually over bony prominences, characterizes
stage 1 pressure ulcers. This selection is the only option that accurately identifies the initial
skin change indicative of a pressure ulcer.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 1625
7. Which type of dressings should be applied to pressure ulcers?
a. Flat and dry c. Bulky and dry
b. Flat and moist d. Bulky and moist
ANS: B
Superficial pressure ulcers should be covered with flat, nonbulky dressings that cannot
wrinkle or cause increased p res s u rNeUoRrSfIrNi cGt Ti oBn. C. S
OpMontaneous healing will occur more
quickly if the ulcer is kept moist with an occlusive dressing.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 1626
8. What term is used to identify skin lesions that are elevated, rounded, and firm with
irregular clawlike margins that extend beyond the original site of injury?
a. Psoriasis c. Acne
b. Dermatitis d. Keloid
ANS: D
Of the options available, only keloids typically send out clawlike prolongations.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 1626
9. Keloids are sharply elevated, irregularly shaped, progressively enlarging scars caused by
excessive amounts of which substance in the corneum during connective tissue repair?
a. Elastin c. Stroma
b. Collagen d. Reticular fibers
ANS: B
Abnormal wound healing with excessive fibroblast activity and collagen formation during
dermal connective tissue repair cause keloids. The other options are not associated with
keloid formation.
, PTS: 1 REF: Pages 1626-1627
10. In allergic contact dermatitis, which cells possess the antigens and present them to T cells?
a. Langerhans cells c. Keratinocytes
b. Merkel cells d. Macrophages
ANS: A
In allergic contact dermatitis, only Langerhans cells process the antigen and carry it to T
cells that then become sensitized to the antigen-releasing cytokines and chemokines,
leading to leukocyte infiltration and inflammation.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 1627-1628
11. In latex allergies, which immunoglobulin (Ig) is associated with an immediate reaction?
a. IgA c. IgG
b. IgE d. IgM
ANS: B
Latex allergy can be either a type IV hypersensitivity to chemicals used in latex rubber
processing or a type I immediate hypersensitivity, with IgE antibodies formed in response
to latex rubber protein. This selection is the only correct option available.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 1628
12. What medical term is used to identify an inflammatory disorder of the skin that is often
considered synonymous with dermatitis and characterized by pruritus with lesions that
have an indistinct border?
a. Eczema NURSINGTcB..COAMtopic dermatitis
b. Psoriasis d. Pityriasis rosea
ANS: A
The most common inflammatory disorder of the skin is eczema, or dermatitis. Eczema and
dermatitis are general terms that describe a particular type of inflammatory response in the
skin—these terms can be used interchangeably. Pruritus, lesions with indistinct borders,
and epidermal changes generally characterize diseases that are considered eczematous. Of
the available options, only eczema is associated with these characteristics.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 1627
13. What clinical manifestations do allergic contact and stasis dermatitis have in common?
a. Petechiae and hyperpigmentation c. Scaling and crusting of lesions
b. Edema and vesicular lesions d. Erythema and pruritus
ANS: D
Only erythema and pruritus are exhibited with both conditions.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 1627-1628
14. Lesions on the elbows and knees that are well demarcated, thick, silvery, scaly, and
erythematous characterize which type of psoriasis?
