NSG 533 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE ACCURATE
QUESTIONSPathophysiology
WITH DETAILED VERIFIED NSG 533 Exam(100%
ANSWERS 1 CORRECT ANSWERS)/ALREADY GRADED A
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1. What are the five 1. Etiology (Causative mechanisms)
essential compo- 2. Epidemiology (risk factors and distribution in populations)
nents of patho- 3. Pathogenesis (disease mechanism)
physiology? 4. clinical manifestations (signs, symptoms and diagnostic criteria)
5. Outcomes (cure, remission, chronicity, or death)
2. The "why" of dis- etiology
ease- what is the
reason for it- what
caused it to hap-
pen? May be sim-
ple/complex.
3. Looks at the pat- Epidemiology
tern of disease
among groups or
aggregates or pop-
ulations. This com-
ponent of disease
represents the
relationship be-
tween numerous
population charac-
teristics (e.g. age,
ethnicity, socioeco-
nomic status, ge-
ographic location)
and the incidence
and prevalence of
disease.
4. pathogenesis
, Pathophysiology NSG 533 Exam 1
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Involves the se-
quence of events
that occurs be-
tween the stimulus
event(s) and the
manifestations of
the disease.
5. Tell an individual Clinical manifestations
and their health
care provider
that something is
wrong. e.g. Signs
and symptoms
6. Are relatively easy Outcomes
to understand if
you review their
definitions (cure,
remission, chronic-
ity, or death)
7. What are the 4 1. ATP depletion- Ischemia and Anemia
common mecha-
nisms that charac- 2. Oxygen and oxygen-derived free radicals- Chemical and radiation injury,
terize all cell injury ischemia reperfusion injury, microbial killing by phagocytes, and cellular aging
and death? Give 2
3. intracellular calcium and loss of calcium steady state- Ischemia and certain
examples of each.
chemicals
4. Defects in membrane permeability- Certain medications that can lead to liver
or kidney damage
, Pathophysiology NSG 533 Exam 1
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8. The disease mech- ATP depletion
anism that is the
basis of much of
the disease today-
and most of the
cases involve hy-
poxia. Refers to
the inability of the
cell to produce ad-
equate energy to
fuel normal activi-
ties of that partic-
ular cell type (cell
membrane pumps
and protein syn-
thesis) and func-
tion.
9. A very inefficient glycolysis
method of ATP pro-
duction (yields 2
ATP)
10. Is a very efficient Oxidative Phosphorylation
method of ATP pro-
duction (yields 36
ATP)
11. What is the most hypoxia
common method
of impairing oxy-
, Pathophysiology NSG 533 Exam 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hd4kr1
gen and ATP pro-
duction?
12. Can lead to irre- Ischemia
versible cell injury
directly through
impairment of en-
ergy production in
the cell.
13. What are the 1. The amount of ATP production within the mitochondria declines
cellular events 2. The drop in ATP causes NA-K- ATPase pump on CM to fail. Which then leads
that occur to increase in NA+,H2O, and Ca+ in cell and decrease in K+ in cell.
with ischemia-in- 3. Increase in water in cell causes cell and it's organelles to swell.
duced- hypoxic in- 4. When RER swell it's ribosomes fall off and protein synthesis stops.
jury? 5. ATP production through phosphorylation declines and glycolysis (anaerobic
metabolism) increases. When glycolysis increases in the cell glycogen stores are
depleted.
6. Glycolysis also produces lactic acid as by-product. Glycolysis also = intracellular
pH decline ( the cell functions within narrow range of pH and even slight drop
can incapacitate the cell).
7. Drop in pH causes clumping of nuclear material called pyknosis. Leads to
fragmentation of the nuclear material (karyorrhexis) and then to dissolution
of nuclear membrane (karyolysis). Decline in pH= rupture of already swollen
lysosomes and release of proteolytic enzymes= autodigestion of cell contents
and cell membrane.
8. Disruption of CM also increases Ca+ influx into the cell and organelles=
activate proteases, endonucleases, and phospholipases that proceed to destroy
the cell.
14. Unstable com- Free radicals
pounds with an
QUESTIONSPathophysiology
WITH DETAILED VERIFIED NSG 533 Exam(100%
ANSWERS 1 CORRECT ANSWERS)/ALREADY GRADED A
GET IT 100%
StudyCORRECT!!
online at https://quizlet.com/_hd4kr1
1. What are the five 1. Etiology (Causative mechanisms)
essential compo- 2. Epidemiology (risk factors and distribution in populations)
nents of patho- 3. Pathogenesis (disease mechanism)
physiology? 4. clinical manifestations (signs, symptoms and diagnostic criteria)
5. Outcomes (cure, remission, chronicity, or death)
2. The "why" of dis- etiology
ease- what is the
reason for it- what
caused it to hap-
pen? May be sim-
ple/complex.
3. Looks at the pat- Epidemiology
tern of disease
among groups or
aggregates or pop-
ulations. This com-
ponent of disease
represents the
relationship be-
tween numerous
population charac-
teristics (e.g. age,
ethnicity, socioeco-
nomic status, ge-
ographic location)
and the incidence
and prevalence of
disease.
4. pathogenesis
, Pathophysiology NSG 533 Exam 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hd4kr1
Involves the se-
quence of events
that occurs be-
tween the stimulus
event(s) and the
manifestations of
the disease.
5. Tell an individual Clinical manifestations
and their health
care provider
that something is
wrong. e.g. Signs
and symptoms
6. Are relatively easy Outcomes
to understand if
you review their
definitions (cure,
remission, chronic-
ity, or death)
7. What are the 4 1. ATP depletion- Ischemia and Anemia
common mecha-
nisms that charac- 2. Oxygen and oxygen-derived free radicals- Chemical and radiation injury,
terize all cell injury ischemia reperfusion injury, microbial killing by phagocytes, and cellular aging
and death? Give 2
3. intracellular calcium and loss of calcium steady state- Ischemia and certain
examples of each.
chemicals
4. Defects in membrane permeability- Certain medications that can lead to liver
or kidney damage
, Pathophysiology NSG 533 Exam 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hd4kr1
8. The disease mech- ATP depletion
anism that is the
basis of much of
the disease today-
and most of the
cases involve hy-
poxia. Refers to
the inability of the
cell to produce ad-
equate energy to
fuel normal activi-
ties of that partic-
ular cell type (cell
membrane pumps
and protein syn-
thesis) and func-
tion.
9. A very inefficient glycolysis
method of ATP pro-
duction (yields 2
ATP)
10. Is a very efficient Oxidative Phosphorylation
method of ATP pro-
duction (yields 36
ATP)
11. What is the most hypoxia
common method
of impairing oxy-
, Pathophysiology NSG 533 Exam 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hd4kr1
gen and ATP pro-
duction?
12. Can lead to irre- Ischemia
versible cell injury
directly through
impairment of en-
ergy production in
the cell.
13. What are the 1. The amount of ATP production within the mitochondria declines
cellular events 2. The drop in ATP causes NA-K- ATPase pump on CM to fail. Which then leads
that occur to increase in NA+,H2O, and Ca+ in cell and decrease in K+ in cell.
with ischemia-in- 3. Increase in water in cell causes cell and it's organelles to swell.
duced- hypoxic in- 4. When RER swell it's ribosomes fall off and protein synthesis stops.
jury? 5. ATP production through phosphorylation declines and glycolysis (anaerobic
metabolism) increases. When glycolysis increases in the cell glycogen stores are
depleted.
6. Glycolysis also produces lactic acid as by-product. Glycolysis also = intracellular
pH decline ( the cell functions within narrow range of pH and even slight drop
can incapacitate the cell).
7. Drop in pH causes clumping of nuclear material called pyknosis. Leads to
fragmentation of the nuclear material (karyorrhexis) and then to dissolution
of nuclear membrane (karyolysis). Decline in pH= rupture of already swollen
lysosomes and release of proteolytic enzymes= autodigestion of cell contents
and cell membrane.
8. Disruption of CM also increases Ca+ influx into the cell and organelles=
activate proteases, endonucleases, and phospholipases that proceed to destroy
the cell.
14. Unstable com- Free radicals
pounds with an
