Solutions Manual – Atkins' Physical Chemistry, 12th Edition by Atkins | All 19 Chapters Covered

Atkins' Physical Chemistry, 12th Edition,
Peter Atkins, Chapter 1-19




SOLUTION MANUAL

, ❚❛❜❧❡ ♦❢ ❝♦♥t❡♥ts

Pr❡❢❛❝❡ ✈✐✐

✶ ❚❤❡ ♣r♦♣❡rt✐❡s ♦❢ ❣❛s❡s ✶
✶❆ ❚❤❡ ♣❡r❢❡❝t ❣❛s ✶
✶❇ ❚❤❡ ❦✐♥❡t✐❝ ♠♦❞❡❧ ✶✵
✶❈ ❘❡❛❧ ❣❛s❡s ✶✾

✷ ■♥t❡r♥❛❧ ❡♥❡r❣② ✸✺
✷❆ ■♥t❡r♥❛❧ ❡♥❡r❣② ✸✺
✷❇ ❊♥t❤❛❧♣② ✹✵
✷❈ ❚❤❡r♠♦❝❤❡♠✐str② ✹✸
✷❉ ❙t❛t❡ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥s ❛♥❞ ❡①❛❝t ❞✐❢❢❡r❡♥t✐❛❧s ✹✾
✷❊ ❆❞✐❛❜❛t✐❝ ❝❤❛♥❣❡s ✺✺

✸ ❚❤❡ s❡❝♦♥❞ ❛♥❞ t❤✐r❞ ❧❛✇s ✻✸
✸❆ ❊♥tr♦♣② ✻✸
✸❇ ❊♥tr♦♣② ❝❤❛♥❣❡s ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥②✐♥❣ s♣❡❝✐❢✐❝ ♣r♦❝❡ss❡s ✻✽
✸❈ ❚❤❡ ♠❡❛s✉r❡♠❡♥t ♦❢ ❡♥tr♦♣② ✽✵
✸❉ ❈♦♥❝❡♥tr❛t✐♥❣ ♦♥ t❤❡ s②st❡♠ ✽✼
✸❊ ❈♦♠❜✐♥✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❋✐rst ❛♥❞ ❙❡❝♦♥❞ ▲❛✇s ✾✷

✹ P❤②s✐❝❛❧ tr❛♥s❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥s ♦❢ ♣✉r❡ s✉❜st❛♥❝❡s ✾✾
✹❆ P❤❛s❡ ❞✐❛❣r❛♠s ♦❢ ♣✉r❡ s✉❜st❛♥❝❡s ✾✾
✹❇ ❚❤❡r♠♦❞②♥❛♠✐❝ ❛s♣❡❝ts ♦❢ ♣❤❛s❡ tr❛♥s✐t✐♦♥s ✶✵✶

✺ ❙✐♠♣❧❡ ♠✐①t✉r❡s ✶✶✺
✺❆ ❚❤❡ t❤❡r♠♦❞②♥❛♠✐❝ ❞❡s❝r✐♣t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♠✐①t✉r❡s ✶✶✺
✺❇ ❚❤❡ ♣r♦♣❡rt✐❡s ♦❢ s♦❧✉t✐♦♥s ✶✷✻
✺❈ P❤❛s❡ ❞✐❛❣r❛♠s ♦❢ ❜✐♥❛r② s②st❡♠s✿ ❧✐q✉✐❞s ✶✹✶
✺❉ P❤❛s❡ ❞✐❛❣r❛♠s ♦❢ ❜✐♥❛r② s②st❡♠s✿ s♦❧✐❞s ✶✹✽
✺❊ P❤❛s❡ ❞✐❛❣r❛♠s ♦❢ t❡r♥❛r② s②st❡♠s ✶✺✹
✺❋ ❆❝t✐✈✐t✐❡s ✶✺✽

✻ ❈❤❡♠✐❝❛❧ ❡q✉✐❧✐❜r✐✉♠ ✶✼✶
✻❆ ❚❤❡ ❡q✉✐❧✐❜r✐✉♠ ❝♦♥st❛♥t ✶✼✶

,✐✈ ❚❆❇▲❊ ❖❋ ❈❖◆❚❊◆❚❙

✻❇ ❚❤❡ r❡s♣♦♥s❡ ♦❢ ❡q✉✐❧✐❜r✐❛ t♦ t❤❡ ❝♦♥❞✐t✐♦♥s ✶✼✾

✻❈ ❊❧❡❝tr♦❝❤❡♠✐❝❛❧ ❝❡❧❧s ✶✾✵

✻❉ ❊❧❡❝tr♦❞❡ ♣♦t❡♥t✐❛❧s ✶✾✼



✼ ◗✉❛♥t✉♠ t❤❡♦r② ✷✶✺
✼❆ ❚❤❡ ♦r✐❣✐♥s ♦❢ q✉❛♥t✉♠ ♠❡❝❤❛♥✐❝s ✷✶✺

✼❇ ❲❛✈❡❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥s ✷✷✸

✼❈ ❖♣❡r❛t♦rs ❛♥❞ ♦❜s❡r✈❛❜❧❡s ✷✷✼

✼❉ ❚r❛♥s❧❛t✐♦♥❛❧ ♠♦t✐♦♥ ✷✸✻

✼❊ ❱✐❜r❛t✐♦♥❛❧ ♠♦t✐♦♥ ✷✹✽

✼❋ ❘♦t❛t✐♦♥❛❧ ♠♦t✐♦♥ ✷✺✼



✽ ❆t♦♠✐❝ str✉❝t✉r❡ ❛♥❞ s♣❡❝tr❛ ✷✼✶
✽❆ ❍②❞r♦❣❡♥✐❝ ❆t♦♠s ✷✼✶

✽❇ ▼❛♥②✲❡❧❡❝tr♦♥ ❛t♦♠s ✷✼✼

✽❈ ❆t♦♠✐❝ s♣❡❝tr❛ ✷✼✾



✾ ▼♦❧❡❝✉❧❛r ❙tr✉❝t✉r❡ ✷✽✼
✾❆ ❱❛❧❡♥❝❡✲❜♦♥❞ t❤❡♦r② ✷✽✼

✾❇ ▼♦❧❡❝✉❧❛r ♦r❜✐t❛❧ t❤❡♦r②✿ t❤❡ ❤②❞r♦❣❡♥ ♠♦❧❡❝✉❧❡✲✐♦♥ ✷✾✷

✾❈ ▼♦❧❡❝✉❧❛r ♦r❜✐t❛❧ t❤❡♦r②✿ ❤♦♠♦♥✉❝❧❡❛r ❞✐❛t♦♠✐❝ ♠♦❧❡❝✉❧❡s ✷✾✽

✾❉ ▼♦❧❡❝✉❧❛r ♦r❜✐t❛❧ t❤❡♦r②✿ ❤❡t❡r♦♥✉❝❧❡❛r ❞✐❛t♦♠✐❝ ♠♦❧❡❝✉❧❡s ✸✵✷

✾❊ ▼♦❧❡❝✉❧❛r ♦r❜✐t❛❧ t❤❡♦r②✿ ♣♦❧②❛t♦♠✐❝ ♠♦❧❡❝✉❧❡s ✸✵✼



✶✵ ▼♦❧❡❝✉❧❛r s②♠♠❡tr② ✸✷✶
✶✵❆ ❙❤❛♣❡ ❛♥❞ s②♠♠❡tr② ✸✷✶

✶✵❇ ●r♦✉♣ t❤❡♦r② ✸✷✾

✶✵❈ ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥s ♦❢ s②♠♠❡tr② ✸✸✼



✶✶ ▼♦❧❡❝✉❧❛r ❙♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣② ✸✹✾
✶✶❆ ●❡♥❡r❛❧ ❢❡❛t✉r❡s ♦❢ ♠♦❧❡❝✉❧❛r s♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣② ✸✹✾

✶✶❇ ❘♦t❛t✐♦♥❛❧ s♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣② ✸✺✼

✶✶❈ ❱✐❜r❛t✐♦♥❛❧ s♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣② ♦❢ ❞✐❛t♦♠✐❝ ♠♦❧❡❝✉❧❡s ✸✼✶

✶✶❉ ❱✐❜r❛t✐♦♥❛❧ s♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣② ♦❢ ♣♦❧②❛t♦♠✐❝ ♠♦❧❡❝✉❧❡s ✸✽✹

✶✶❊ ❙②♠♠❡tr② ❛♥❛❧②s✐s ♦❢ ✈✐❜r❛t✐♦♥❛❧ s♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣② ✸✽✺

✶✶❋ ❊❧❡❝tr♦♥✐❝ s♣❡❝tr❛ ✸✽✽

✶✶● ❉❡❝❛② ♦❢ ❡①❝✐t❡❞ st❛t❡s ✸✾✽

, ❚❆❇▲❊ ❖❋ ❈❖◆❚❊◆❚❙ ✈



✶✷ ▼❛❣♥❡t✐❝ r❡s♦♥❛♥❝❡ ✹✵✾
✶✷❆ ●❡♥❡r❛❧ ♣r✐♥❝✐♣❧❡s ✹✵✾

✶✷❇ ❋❡❛t✉r❡s ♦❢ ◆▼❘ s♣❡❝tr❛ ✹✶✷

✶✷❈ P✉❧s❡ t❡❝❤♥✐q✉❡s ✐♥ ◆▼❘ ✹✷✶

✶✷❉ ❊❧❡❝tr♦♥ ♣❛r❛♠❛❣♥❡t✐❝ r❡s♦♥❛♥❝❡ ✹✷✾



✶✸ ❙t❛t✐st✐❝❛❧ t❤❡r♠♦❞②♥❛♠✐❝s ✹✸✺
✶✸❆ ❚❤❡ ❇♦❧t③♠❛♥♥ ❞✐str✐❜✉t✐♦♥ ✹✸✺

✶✸❇ P❛rt✐t✐♦♥ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥s ✹✸✾

✶✸❈ ▼♦❧❡❝✉❧❛r ❡♥❡r❣✐❡s ✹✹✾

✶✸❉ ❚❤❡ ❝❛♥♦♥✐❝❛❧ ❡♥s❡♠❜❧❡ ✹✺✻

✶✸❊ ❚❤❡ ✐♥t❡r♥❛❧ ❡♥❡r❣② ❛♥❞ ❡♥tr♦♣② ✹✺✼

✶✸❋ ❉❡r✐✈❡❞ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥s ✹✼✸



✶✹ ▼♦❧❡❝✉❧❛r ■♥t❡r❛❝t✐♦♥s ✹✽✺
✶✹❆ ❊❧❡❝tr✐❝ ♣r♦♣❡rt✐❡s ♦❢ ♠♦❧❡❝✉❧❡s ✹✽✺

✶✹❇ ■♥t❡r❛❝t✐♦♥s ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ♠♦❧❡❝✉❧❡s ✹✾✻

✶✹❈ ▲✐q✉✐❞s ✺✵✹

✶✹❉ ▼❛❝r♦♠♦❧❡❝✉❧❡s ✺✵✻

✶✹❊ ❙❡❧❢✲❛ss❡♠❜❧② ✺✶✼



✶✺ ❙♦❧✐❞s ✺✷✸
✶✺❆ ❈r②st❛❧ str✉❝t✉r❡ ✺✷✸

✶✺❇ ❉✐❢❢r❛❝t✐♦♥ t❡❝❤♥✐q✉❡s ✺✷✻

✶✺❈ ❇♦♥❞✐♥❣ ✐♥ s♦❧✐❞s ✺✸✹

✶✺❉ ❚❤❡ ♠❡❝❤❛♥✐❝❛❧ ♣r♦♣❡rt✐❡s ♦❢ s♦❧✐❞s ✺✸✾

✶✺❊ ❚❤❡ ❡❧❡❝tr✐❝❛❧ ♣r♦♣❡rt✐❡s ♦❢ s♦❧✐❞s ✺✹✶

✶✺❋ ❚❤❡ ♠❛❣♥❡t✐❝ ♣r♦♣❡rt✐❡s ♦❢ s♦❧✐❞s ✺✹✸

✶✺● ❚❤❡ ♦♣t✐❝❛❧ ♣r♦♣❡rt✐❡s ♦❢ s♦❧✐❞s ✺✹✻



✶✻ ▼♦❧❡❝✉❧❡s ✐♥ ♠♦t✐♦♥ ✺✺✶
✶✻❆ ❚r❛♥s♣♦rt ♣r♦♣❡rt✐❡s ♦❢ ❛ ♣❡r❢❡❝t ❣❛s ✺✺✶

✶✻❇ ▼♦t✐♦♥ ✐♥ ❧✐q✉✐❞s ✺✺✽

✶✻❈ ❉✐❢❢✉s✐♦♥ ✺✻✸



✶✼ ❈❤❡♠✐❝❛❧ ❦✐♥❡t✐❝s ✺✼✸
✶✼❆ ❚❤❡ r❛t❡s ♦❢ ❝❤❡♠✐❝❛❧ r❡❛❝t✐♦♥s ✺✼✸