2025 Advanced Fetal Monitoring Exam with accurate
and verified questions covering fetal heart rate
interpretation, intrauterine resuscitation,
documentation, and clinical decision-making.
Cat 1 <<<answer>>>What category rules out fetal acidemia?
The CO decreases which leads to hypoxia and acidemia <<<answer>>>What
happens when the fetal heart decreases (in regards to CO)?
51-56% <<<answer>>>What is the fetal Hct?
Increased Hct
Fetal Hbg has a higher affinity for O2
Fetal HR and CO is increased which results in rapid circulation of O2 blood
<<<answer>>>What are 3 fetal physiologic adaptations from the mother?
Increased blood flow to vital organs (heart, brain, adrenals)
Decreased blood flow to spleen, kidneys, and limbs
FHR slows and myocardium decreases O2 consumption <<<answer>>>What is the
fetal response to acute hypoxia
,anaerobic metabolism <<<answer>>>The metabolism that takes place in the
absence of oxygen; the principle product is lactic acid.
Aerobic metabolism with O2 then there's hypoxemia (decrease in O2) which leads
to tissue hypoxia. The body is forced to resort to anaerobic metabolism which
leads to a buildup of lactic acid in the blood. This then causes metabolic acidosis
(causes cellular death). <<<answer>>>Explain the oxygenation depletion cascade
60-90 minutes <<<answer>>>How one does it take for significant acidemia to take
place?
Adrenergic activity <<<answer>>>What is marked variability mediated by?
Opioids, magnesium, and tobacco (medications or drugs)
Fetal sleep cycles
Fetal acidemia- there will be no accels here <<<answer>>>What are things that
can cause decreased variability?
10x10 <<<answer>>>What accelerations do gestations less than 32 weeks need?
Fetal head compression leads to altered cerebral blood flow which produces a
vagabond reflex and cardiac slowing <<<answer>>>Describe the reasoning for
early decels
, Uteroplacental insufficiency results in decreased maternal/fetal O2 transfer
<<<answer>>>Describe the physiology of a late decel
It's neurogenic
Exclude clinically significant acidemia
Provide interventions to increase perfusion <<<answer>>>What do late decels
with moderate variability mean and indicate?
Means myocardial depression
Expedited delivery <<<answer>>>What do late decels with decreases variability
mean and indicate?
Interruption of uteroplacental perfusion or exchange- tachysystole, maternal
hypotension, maternal hypoxia (seizure or cardiac arrest), placental abruption, or
uterine rupture
Interruption of umbilical blood flow- cord compression, cord prolapse, or ruptured
vasa previa <<<answer>>>What are 3 causes of prolonged decels?
Vasa previa <<<answer>>>Presence of fetal (not placental) blood vessels that
cross the internal cervical os (marginal or velamentous cord insertions or with
succenturiate lobes).
Umbilical cord crosses the internal cervial os
parasympathetic nervous system <<<answer>>>What nervous system has control
over bradycardia?
and verified questions covering fetal heart rate
interpretation, intrauterine resuscitation,
documentation, and clinical decision-making.
Cat 1 <<<answer>>>What category rules out fetal acidemia?
The CO decreases which leads to hypoxia and acidemia <<<answer>>>What
happens when the fetal heart decreases (in regards to CO)?
51-56% <<<answer>>>What is the fetal Hct?
Increased Hct
Fetal Hbg has a higher affinity for O2
Fetal HR and CO is increased which results in rapid circulation of O2 blood
<<<answer>>>What are 3 fetal physiologic adaptations from the mother?
Increased blood flow to vital organs (heart, brain, adrenals)
Decreased blood flow to spleen, kidneys, and limbs
FHR slows and myocardium decreases O2 consumption <<<answer>>>What is the
fetal response to acute hypoxia
,anaerobic metabolism <<<answer>>>The metabolism that takes place in the
absence of oxygen; the principle product is lactic acid.
Aerobic metabolism with O2 then there's hypoxemia (decrease in O2) which leads
to tissue hypoxia. The body is forced to resort to anaerobic metabolism which
leads to a buildup of lactic acid in the blood. This then causes metabolic acidosis
(causes cellular death). <<<answer>>>Explain the oxygenation depletion cascade
60-90 minutes <<<answer>>>How one does it take for significant acidemia to take
place?
Adrenergic activity <<<answer>>>What is marked variability mediated by?
Opioids, magnesium, and tobacco (medications or drugs)
Fetal sleep cycles
Fetal acidemia- there will be no accels here <<<answer>>>What are things that
can cause decreased variability?
10x10 <<<answer>>>What accelerations do gestations less than 32 weeks need?
Fetal head compression leads to altered cerebral blood flow which produces a
vagabond reflex and cardiac slowing <<<answer>>>Describe the reasoning for
early decels
, Uteroplacental insufficiency results in decreased maternal/fetal O2 transfer
<<<answer>>>Describe the physiology of a late decel
It's neurogenic
Exclude clinically significant acidemia
Provide interventions to increase perfusion <<<answer>>>What do late decels
with moderate variability mean and indicate?
Means myocardial depression
Expedited delivery <<<answer>>>What do late decels with decreases variability
mean and indicate?
Interruption of uteroplacental perfusion or exchange- tachysystole, maternal
hypotension, maternal hypoxia (seizure or cardiac arrest), placental abruption, or
uterine rupture
Interruption of umbilical blood flow- cord compression, cord prolapse, or ruptured
vasa previa <<<answer>>>What are 3 causes of prolonged decels?
Vasa previa <<<answer>>>Presence of fetal (not placental) blood vessels that
cross the internal cervical os (marginal or velamentous cord insertions or with
succenturiate lobes).
Umbilical cord crosses the internal cervial os
parasympathetic nervous system <<<answer>>>What nervous system has control
over bradycardia?
