GCU PHI-103 EXAM 1 2025 |150 QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS
1. Describe the significance of the fallopian tube in the fertilization process.
The fallopian tube is responsible for producing hormones.
The fallopian tube is where eggs are usually fertilized, making it
crucial for reproduction.
The fallopian tube is the site of implantation of the fertilized egg.
The fallopian tube filters waste from the blood.
2. If a patient has a blockage in one of their ureters, what physiological
process would be most directly affected?
Filtration of blood in the kidneys
Hormonal regulation of kidney function
Reabsorption of nutrients in the nephron
Urine transport to the bladder
3. If the amnion were to rupture prematurely, what potential complications
could arise for the fetus?
Increased risk of infection and reduced cushioning for the fetus
Improved nutrient delivery to the fetus
Increased oxygen supply to the fetus
Enhanced hormonal regulation for fetal development
4. Describe how low plasma protein levels can lead to edema in the body.
,Low plasma protein levels reduce osmotic pressure, causing
fluid to leak into tissues.
, Low plasma protein levels enhance filtration in the kidneys,
causing fluid loss.
Low plasma protein levels promote hormone secretion, leading to
dehydration.
Low plasma protein levels increase blood pressure, leading to
fluid retention.
5. If mesangial cells were to malfunction, what impact would this have on
kidney function?
It would disrupt blood flow regulation and filtration processes.
It would improve nutrient absorption in the kidneys.
It would increase hormone secretion from the kidneys.
It would enhance the production of urine.
6. Describe the role of the Macula Densa Cells in the Juxtaglomerular
Apparatus.
Macula Densa Cells produce urine and filter blood.
Macula Densa Cells are responsible for reabsorbing water in the
nephron.
Macula Densa Cells secrete hormones that stimulate red blood
cell production.
Macula Densa Cells monitor sodium concentration and help
regulate blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate.
7. Describe the significance of the renal papilla in kidney function.
The renal papilla filters blood before it enters the kidneys.
The renal papilla produces hormones that regulate kidney
function.
, The renal papilla is involved in the reabsorption of nutrients.
The renal papilla is significant as it is the point where urine exits
the renal pyramids and enters the minor calyx, playing a crucial
role in urine drainage.
8. Erythropoietin release increases when __ _.
carbon dioxide levels in the kidneys decrease
carbon dioxide levels in the kidneys increase
oxygen levels in the kidneys decrease
oxygen levels in the kidneys increase
9. What are the two muscle layers involved in peristalsis?
internal and external
flexor and extensor
circular and longitudinal
smooth and skeletal
10. The cells of juxtaglomerular apparatus between the efferent & afferent
arterioles of the renal corpuscle ___ _.
senses sugar levels in the blood
secretes sodium and chloride ions
absorbs amino acids and polypeptides
secretes erythropoietin and renin
11. If the proximal convoluted tubule is damaged, what effect would this
have on the body's fluid balance?
It would enhance the reabsorption of nutrients.
ANSWERS
1. Describe the significance of the fallopian tube in the fertilization process.
The fallopian tube is responsible for producing hormones.
The fallopian tube is where eggs are usually fertilized, making it
crucial for reproduction.
The fallopian tube is the site of implantation of the fertilized egg.
The fallopian tube filters waste from the blood.
2. If a patient has a blockage in one of their ureters, what physiological
process would be most directly affected?
Filtration of blood in the kidneys
Hormonal regulation of kidney function
Reabsorption of nutrients in the nephron
Urine transport to the bladder
3. If the amnion were to rupture prematurely, what potential complications
could arise for the fetus?
Increased risk of infection and reduced cushioning for the fetus
Improved nutrient delivery to the fetus
Increased oxygen supply to the fetus
Enhanced hormonal regulation for fetal development
4. Describe how low plasma protein levels can lead to edema in the body.
,Low plasma protein levels reduce osmotic pressure, causing
fluid to leak into tissues.
, Low plasma protein levels enhance filtration in the kidneys,
causing fluid loss.
Low plasma protein levels promote hormone secretion, leading to
dehydration.
Low plasma protein levels increase blood pressure, leading to
fluid retention.
5. If mesangial cells were to malfunction, what impact would this have on
kidney function?
It would disrupt blood flow regulation and filtration processes.
It would improve nutrient absorption in the kidneys.
It would increase hormone secretion from the kidneys.
It would enhance the production of urine.
6. Describe the role of the Macula Densa Cells in the Juxtaglomerular
Apparatus.
Macula Densa Cells produce urine and filter blood.
Macula Densa Cells are responsible for reabsorbing water in the
nephron.
Macula Densa Cells secrete hormones that stimulate red blood
cell production.
Macula Densa Cells monitor sodium concentration and help
regulate blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate.
7. Describe the significance of the renal papilla in kidney function.
The renal papilla filters blood before it enters the kidneys.
The renal papilla produces hormones that regulate kidney
function.
, The renal papilla is involved in the reabsorption of nutrients.
The renal papilla is significant as it is the point where urine exits
the renal pyramids and enters the minor calyx, playing a crucial
role in urine drainage.
8. Erythropoietin release increases when __ _.
carbon dioxide levels in the kidneys decrease
carbon dioxide levels in the kidneys increase
oxygen levels in the kidneys decrease
oxygen levels in the kidneys increase
9. What are the two muscle layers involved in peristalsis?
internal and external
flexor and extensor
circular and longitudinal
smooth and skeletal
10. The cells of juxtaglomerular apparatus between the efferent & afferent
arterioles of the renal corpuscle ___ _.
senses sugar levels in the blood
secretes sodium and chloride ions
absorbs amino acids and polypeptides
secretes erythropoietin and renin
11. If the proximal convoluted tubule is damaged, what effect would this
have on the body's fluid balance?
It would enhance the reabsorption of nutrients.
