NSE 221 - STUDY REVIEW QUESTIONS
Purpose of blood transfusions - answers :1) increase blood volume
2) correct rbc deficiency
3) maintain clotting ability
4) provide selected blood components as replacement therapy
Components of blood - answers :plasma
Rbc
Wbc
Platelets
Types of transfusions - answers :whole blood, packed rbcs, platelets, albumin, fresh
frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate, and iv immunoglobulins
When is whole blood given? - answers :where *major blood loss* occurs
When are packed rbcs used? - answers :most *commonly* used to improve and/or
replace rbcs
When are platelet transfusions indicated? - answers :- severe microvascular bleeding
- pts w/ platelet count of less than 10,000-20,000/mm3
- *bleeding* pts w/ platelet count of less than 50,000/mm3
When is albumin infusion done? - answers :- 5% soln used for hypovolemic shock &
hypoproteinemia
- 25% soln for severe burns & low albumin
When is fresh frozen plasma used? - answers :replaces coagulation factors when bv
expansion is also needed
When is cryoprecipitate used? - answers :- to increase fibrinogen lvls
- to replace factors w/o the hypervolemia risk w/ ffp
What is ivig used for? - answers :a protein replacement therapy for pts who have
decreased or abolished antibody production capabilities
Antibodies in o blood - answers :anti-a and anti-b
Antibodies in a blood - answers :anti-b
Antibodies in b blood - answers :anti-a
Antibodies in ab blood - answers :no antibodies
Compatible rbc for o blood - answers :o
,Compatible rbc for a blood - answers :a,o
Compatible rbc for b blood - answers :b,o
Compatible rbc for ab blood - answers :a,b,o,ab
Compatible plasma for o blood - answers :o,a,b,ab
Compatible plasma for a blood - answers :a,ab
Compatible plasma for b blood - answers :b,ab
Compatible plasma for ab blood - answers :ab
Rbc rh type for +ve rh - answers :+ve or -ve
Rbc rh type for rh- - answers :-ve
Plasma rh type for rh+ - answers :+ve, -ve
Plasma rh type for rh- - answers :+ve,-ve
Adverse reactions for blood transfusions - answers :1) mild allergy
2) anaphylaxis
3) non-hemolytic
4) hemolytic
5) trali (transfusion related acute lung injury)
6) taco (transfusion associated circulatory overload)
7) massive blood transfusion rxn
8) acute intravascular hemolytic
9) sepsis
Most common transfusion reaction - answers :febrile non-hemolytic
What causes mild allergic rxn for transfusions? - answers :antibodies against donor
plasma proteins
What causes anaphylaxis rxn for transfusions? - answers :antibodies to donor plasma,
especially *anti-iga*
What causes febrile non-hemolytic transfusion rxns? - answers :antibodies against
leukocytes & hla antigens
What causes febrile hemolytic rxn? - answers :results from rapid destruction of donor's
rbcs by host antibodies
, What causes trali rxns? - answers :
What is the leading cause of death in blood transfusions? - answers :trali
What causes taco rxn? - answers :blood is administered faster than circulation can
accommodate
What causes massive blood transfusion rxn? - answers :when pts receive massive
transfusions (10+ rbc units under 24 hrs)
What causes acute intravascular hemolytic rxns? - answers :antibodies in plasma attach
to transfused rbcs --> rbc destruction
Cause of sepsis rxn during transfusion - answers :bacterial contamination of transfused
blood components
Steps to take when acute transfusion rxn ... - answers :1) stop transfusion
2) maintain patent iv line w/ saline soln
3) notify blood bank. & hcp
4) recheck identifiers
5) monitor vs, & u/o frequently
6) treat symptoms as ordered
7) save & return blood
8) collect samples
Pre-transfusion nursing assessments - answers :1) neuro
2) respiratory
3) cardiac
4) active bleeding
5) current treatments
6) factor deficiencies
7) lab values
What do you do before starting transfusion? - answers :take baseline vital signs, &
auscultate the chest
How should you initiate blood transfusion? - answers :- start transfusion slowly (50ml/hr)
for 15 mins
- check vs, & assess pt q15 min for 1st hr
- document e/c set of vs on the transfusion record
If there's no complications after 15 minutes of blood transfusion, nurse may ...? -
answers :increase rate to infuse as ordered by physician
Purpose of blood transfusions - answers :1) increase blood volume
2) correct rbc deficiency
3) maintain clotting ability
4) provide selected blood components as replacement therapy
Components of blood - answers :plasma
Rbc
Wbc
Platelets
Types of transfusions - answers :whole blood, packed rbcs, platelets, albumin, fresh
frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate, and iv immunoglobulins
When is whole blood given? - answers :where *major blood loss* occurs
When are packed rbcs used? - answers :most *commonly* used to improve and/or
replace rbcs
When are platelet transfusions indicated? - answers :- severe microvascular bleeding
- pts w/ platelet count of less than 10,000-20,000/mm3
- *bleeding* pts w/ platelet count of less than 50,000/mm3
When is albumin infusion done? - answers :- 5% soln used for hypovolemic shock &
hypoproteinemia
- 25% soln for severe burns & low albumin
When is fresh frozen plasma used? - answers :replaces coagulation factors when bv
expansion is also needed
When is cryoprecipitate used? - answers :- to increase fibrinogen lvls
- to replace factors w/o the hypervolemia risk w/ ffp
What is ivig used for? - answers :a protein replacement therapy for pts who have
decreased or abolished antibody production capabilities
Antibodies in o blood - answers :anti-a and anti-b
Antibodies in a blood - answers :anti-b
Antibodies in b blood - answers :anti-a
Antibodies in ab blood - answers :no antibodies
Compatible rbc for o blood - answers :o
,Compatible rbc for a blood - answers :a,o
Compatible rbc for b blood - answers :b,o
Compatible rbc for ab blood - answers :a,b,o,ab
Compatible plasma for o blood - answers :o,a,b,ab
Compatible plasma for a blood - answers :a,ab
Compatible plasma for b blood - answers :b,ab
Compatible plasma for ab blood - answers :ab
Rbc rh type for +ve rh - answers :+ve or -ve
Rbc rh type for rh- - answers :-ve
Plasma rh type for rh+ - answers :+ve, -ve
Plasma rh type for rh- - answers :+ve,-ve
Adverse reactions for blood transfusions - answers :1) mild allergy
2) anaphylaxis
3) non-hemolytic
4) hemolytic
5) trali (transfusion related acute lung injury)
6) taco (transfusion associated circulatory overload)
7) massive blood transfusion rxn
8) acute intravascular hemolytic
9) sepsis
Most common transfusion reaction - answers :febrile non-hemolytic
What causes mild allergic rxn for transfusions? - answers :antibodies against donor
plasma proteins
What causes anaphylaxis rxn for transfusions? - answers :antibodies to donor plasma,
especially *anti-iga*
What causes febrile non-hemolytic transfusion rxns? - answers :antibodies against
leukocytes & hla antigens
What causes febrile hemolytic rxn? - answers :results from rapid destruction of donor's
rbcs by host antibodies
, What causes trali rxns? - answers :
What is the leading cause of death in blood transfusions? - answers :trali
What causes taco rxn? - answers :blood is administered faster than circulation can
accommodate
What causes massive blood transfusion rxn? - answers :when pts receive massive
transfusions (10+ rbc units under 24 hrs)
What causes acute intravascular hemolytic rxns? - answers :antibodies in plasma attach
to transfused rbcs --> rbc destruction
Cause of sepsis rxn during transfusion - answers :bacterial contamination of transfused
blood components
Steps to take when acute transfusion rxn ... - answers :1) stop transfusion
2) maintain patent iv line w/ saline soln
3) notify blood bank. & hcp
4) recheck identifiers
5) monitor vs, & u/o frequently
6) treat symptoms as ordered
7) save & return blood
8) collect samples
Pre-transfusion nursing assessments - answers :1) neuro
2) respiratory
3) cardiac
4) active bleeding
5) current treatments
6) factor deficiencies
7) lab values
What do you do before starting transfusion? - answers :take baseline vital signs, &
auscultate the chest
How should you initiate blood transfusion? - answers :- start transfusion slowly (50ml/hr)
for 15 mins
- check vs, & assess pt q15 min for 1st hr
- document e/c set of vs on the transfusion record
If there's no complications after 15 minutes of blood transfusion, nurse may ...? -
answers :increase rate to infuse as ordered by physician
