Test bank - Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology (Guyton Physiology) 14th Edition (John E

Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology 14th
Edition Hall Test Bank



Chapter 1. Functional Organization of the Human Body and Control of the
“Internal Environment”



Test Bank

1. The most abundant type of cell in the human body is which of the following?
A. Neuron
B. Epithelial cell
C. Red blood cell
D. White blood cell
E. Vascular smooth muscle cell
F. Skeletal muscle cell

ANS: C

2. The most abundant substance in the human body and the approximate percentage of
that substance in the body is which of the following?
A. Protein, 30%
B. Protein, 60%
C. Water, 30%
D. Water, 60%
E. Carbohydrate, 30%
F. Carbohydrate, 60%

ANS: D

3. A large volume of blood is transfused to a person whose baroreceptor blood pressure
control system is not functioning and arterial blood pressure rises from the normal level
of 100 to 160 mm Hg. If the same volume of blood is infused into the same person when
the baroreceptor system is functioning and this time the arterial pressure increases from
the normal level from 100 mm Hg up to 120 mm Hg, calculate the gain of the
baroreceptor system in this person.
A. -3
B. -2
C. -1
D. 0




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, E. +1
F. +2
G. +3

ANS: B

4. Which of the following substances has the highest extracellular fluid to intracellular
fluid concentration ratio for most mammalian cells?
A. Sodium ions
B. Potassium ions
C. Carbon dioxide
D. Glucose
E. Protein

ANS: A

5. Exchange of substances between the cardiovascular system and the interstitial fluid
occurs mainly in which of the following?
A. Arteries
B. Arterioles
C. Capillaries
D. Venules
E. Veins

ANS: C

6. Which of the following is the approximate distance from the capillaries to most cells
of the body?
A. Less than 50 angstroms
B. Less than 50 microns
C. Less than 50 millimeters
D. Less than 100 angstroms
E. Less than 100 microns
F. Less than 100 millimeters

ANS: A

7. When a person is at rest, how much time is required for the blood in the circulation to
traverse the entire circulatory circuit?
A. 1 second
B. 1 minute
C. 3 minutes
D. 4 minutes
E. 5 minutes

ANS: B




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,8. ______ feedback is often referred to as a "vicious cycle" because it leads to _______
instability and sometimes death.
A. Postitive, progressive
B. Positive, diminished
C. Negative, progressive
D. Negative, diminished
E. Adaptive, progressive

ANS: A

9. Which of the following is an example of positive feedback in the body?
A. Clotting of blood
B. Return of blood pressure toward normal after a hemorrhage
C. Increased respiration rate caused by accumulation of carbon dioxide in the blood
D. Decreased sympathetic nervous system activity that occurs in response to increased
blood pressure

ANS: A



Chapter 2. The Cell and Its Functions



Test Bank

Refer to the following list to answer questions 1-3:

A. Nucleolus
B. Nucleus
C. Agranular endoplasmic reticulum
D. Granular endoplasmic reticulum
E. Golgi apparatus
F. Endosomes
G. Peroxisomes
H. Lysosomes
I. Cytosol

Identify the cellular location for each of the following steps involved in the synthesis and
packaging of a secreted protein.

Initiation of translation.

ANS: I




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, Protein sorting and packaging.

ANS: E

Gene transcription.

ANS: B

4. Which of the following is true for both pinocytosis and phagocytosis?
A. Involves the recruitment of actin filaments
B. Occurs spontaneously and non-selectively
C. Permits the uptake of bacterium into the cytosol
D. Is only observed in macrophages and neutrophils
E. Does not require ATP

ANS: A

5. The cell membrane is LEAST permeable to which of the following?
A. Sodium
B. Oxygen
C. Ethanol
D. Carbon Dioxide
E. Water

ANS: A

6. The term “glycocalyx” refers to:
A. The negatively charged carbohydrate chains that protrude into the cytosol from
glycolipids and integral glycoproteins
B. The negatively charged carbohydrate layer on the outer cell surface
C. The layer of anions aligned on the cytosolic surface of the plasma membrane
D. The large glycogen stores found in “fast” muscles
E. A mechanism of cell-cell attachment

ANS: B

7. Proteins are sorted for their delivery to lysosomes, secretory vesicles and the plasma
membrane in the:
A. Golgi apparatus
B. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C. nucleus
D. endocytotic vesicle

ANS: A

8. Ubiquinone, an electron acceptor in the electron transport chain (oxidative
phosphorylation), is found in the:




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