HNG 540 Exam 2 COMPLETE QUESTIONS
WITH 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS SURE
PASS!! PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS 2024/2025.
What are the actions of drugs that act on the cardiovascular system? - hypertension
control, heart disease, arrhythmia and heart failure treatment
Why are antihypertensives useful? - they lower the risk of heart attacks, strokes and
other complications by helping to lower high blood pressure
What medications help with heart disease? - Statins
Why are statins taken? - to control cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of
atherosclerosis and heart disease
What do drugs affecting the renal system do? - blood pressure regulation (medications
like diuretics) and diabetes management
What do diuretics do it the kidneys? - help control blood pressure and manage fluid
balance
What drugs can help slow the progression of kidney damage in diabetes? - ACE
inhibitors and Angiotensin receptor blockers
What is the indication for nitrates? - to treat and relieve the symptoms of angina pectoris
what is angina pectoris? - a condition characterized by chest pain or discomfort when
the heart muscle doesn't receive enough oxygen rich blood
Example of a nitrate - nitroglycerin
mechanism of action for nitroglycerin - relaxes and dilates blood vessels (arterioles),
increasing blood flow to the heart, thereby reducing the hearts workload and relieving
angina
How is nitroglycerin administered? - sublingually or as a spray to provide rapid relief
Considerations for extended release nitroglycerin - do NOT crush or break tablets or
capsules as this could disrupt the intended extended release mechanism
, What do diuretics do? - promote increased diuresis (urination), leading to removal of
excess salt and water from the body
What drug is the first line treatment for heart failure and hypertension? - a diuretic
types of diuretics - thiazide diuretics, loop diuretics, and potassium sparing diuretics
how are diuretics chosen for a patient? - based on specific medical conditions and the
patients needs
Example of thiazide diuretic - hydrochlorothiazide (hydrodiuril)
Example of loop diuretic - Furosemide (lasix)
Example of potassium sparing diuretic - Spironolactone (Aldactone)
Indications for diuretics - reduce edema, and lower blood pressure
In what type of patients is edema seem most commonly? - congestive heart failure, and
hepatic (liver) disease
What type of diuretic is usually give to congestive heart failure and hepatic (liver
disease) patients? - a short acting loop diuretic like furosemide
how does hydrochlorothiazide lower blood pressure? - reduces extra cellular fluid and
strain on the heart and blood vessel walls
mechanism of action for diuretics - act on the distal renal tubule, inhibiting sodium
reabsorption
In patients with mild hypertension, what medication can be started and later
reassessed? - a thiazide diuretic
What is the drug of choice when treating hypertension in diabetic patients? -
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors like captopril
What actions do ACE inhibitors have - reduce proteinuria, delay or prevent the
development of diabetic kidney disease
proteinuria - the prescence of excess protein in the urine signifying kidney damage and
a risk factor for further kidney disease progression; ace inhibitors help slow down the
progression
diabetic kidney disease and ACE inhibitors - used to treat diabetic nephropathy; helps to
delay or prevent the development of kidney complications in people with diabetes
WITH 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS SURE
PASS!! PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS 2024/2025.
What are the actions of drugs that act on the cardiovascular system? - hypertension
control, heart disease, arrhythmia and heart failure treatment
Why are antihypertensives useful? - they lower the risk of heart attacks, strokes and
other complications by helping to lower high blood pressure
What medications help with heart disease? - Statins
Why are statins taken? - to control cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of
atherosclerosis and heart disease
What do drugs affecting the renal system do? - blood pressure regulation (medications
like diuretics) and diabetes management
What do diuretics do it the kidneys? - help control blood pressure and manage fluid
balance
What drugs can help slow the progression of kidney damage in diabetes? - ACE
inhibitors and Angiotensin receptor blockers
What is the indication for nitrates? - to treat and relieve the symptoms of angina pectoris
what is angina pectoris? - a condition characterized by chest pain or discomfort when
the heart muscle doesn't receive enough oxygen rich blood
Example of a nitrate - nitroglycerin
mechanism of action for nitroglycerin - relaxes and dilates blood vessels (arterioles),
increasing blood flow to the heart, thereby reducing the hearts workload and relieving
angina
How is nitroglycerin administered? - sublingually or as a spray to provide rapid relief
Considerations for extended release nitroglycerin - do NOT crush or break tablets or
capsules as this could disrupt the intended extended release mechanism
, What do diuretics do? - promote increased diuresis (urination), leading to removal of
excess salt and water from the body
What drug is the first line treatment for heart failure and hypertension? - a diuretic
types of diuretics - thiazide diuretics, loop diuretics, and potassium sparing diuretics
how are diuretics chosen for a patient? - based on specific medical conditions and the
patients needs
Example of thiazide diuretic - hydrochlorothiazide (hydrodiuril)
Example of loop diuretic - Furosemide (lasix)
Example of potassium sparing diuretic - Spironolactone (Aldactone)
Indications for diuretics - reduce edema, and lower blood pressure
In what type of patients is edema seem most commonly? - congestive heart failure, and
hepatic (liver) disease
What type of diuretic is usually give to congestive heart failure and hepatic (liver
disease) patients? - a short acting loop diuretic like furosemide
how does hydrochlorothiazide lower blood pressure? - reduces extra cellular fluid and
strain on the heart and blood vessel walls
mechanism of action for diuretics - act on the distal renal tubule, inhibiting sodium
reabsorption
In patients with mild hypertension, what medication can be started and later
reassessed? - a thiazide diuretic
What is the drug of choice when treating hypertension in diabetic patients? -
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors like captopril
What actions do ACE inhibitors have - reduce proteinuria, delay or prevent the
development of diabetic kidney disease
proteinuria - the prescence of excess protein in the urine signifying kidney damage and
a risk factor for further kidney disease progression; ace inhibitors help slow down the
progression
diabetic kidney disease and ACE inhibitors - used to treat diabetic nephropathy; helps to
delay or prevent the development of kidney complications in people with diabetes
