BIOD102 / BIOD 102 Module 2: (Latest Update 2025 / 2026) Essential Biology II with Lab | Questions & Answers | Grade A 100% Correct - Portage Learning

BIOD102 / BIOD 102 Module 2:
(Latest Update )
Essential Biology II with Lab |
Questions & Answers | Grade A
100% Correct - Portage Learning


Question:
The pineal gland is located deep within the brain, situated between the two
cerebral hemispheres. It is responsible for secreting
Answer:
melatonin, a peptide that promotes circadian rhythms such as the sleep-wake
cycle




Question:
The pituitary gland is a pea-sized structure located below the hypothalamus
that protrudes from a long stalk called the infundibulum. Structurally, it
consists of the posterior pituitary, which is known as the _____, and the
anterior pituitary, which is known as the __________.
Answer:
neurohypophysis; adenohypophysis

,Question:
The hypothalamus is located on the undersurface of the brain. It is a complex
region with a high level of specialization and multiple autonomous nervous
system functions. One of those functions is to
Answer:
act as the gatekeeper for the release or inhibition of pituitary hormones.
Specifically, the hypothalamus primarily circulates releasing factors that
promote activity in the pituitary or inhibiting factors that prevent the release
of specific pituitary hormones




Question:
The posterior pituitary is simply an extension of the hypothalamus. It releases
Answer:
antidiuretic hormone ( ADH), which targets the tubules of the kidneys to
increase water reabsorption (less water is excreted). Oxytocin, which targets
the uterus to increase contractions during childbirth and mammary tissues to
stimulate milk "let down", is also released from the posterior region.




Question:
Both ADH and oxytocin are synthesized within the __________ and are then
transported to the ________ via axons. These neurohormones are stored until
their release is stimulated by messages from the hypothalamus
Answer:
hypothalamus; posterior pituitary

,Question:
the ______ is responsible for releasing hormones that are part of intricate
feedback loops
Answer:
anterior pituitary




Question:
TF_ While the hypothalamus is responsible for signaling to the anterior
pituitary, the hormones released from the anterior portion are not
synthesized within the hypothalamus as the posterior neurohormones are.
Answer:
true




Question:
Hormones of the anterior pituitary are synthesized from endocrine cells of
the anterior pituitary gland itself. These hormones are stored until .
Answer:
the hypothalamus initiates the distribution of releasing or inhibiting
hormones

, Question:
The endocrine function of the pancreas is to release
Answer:
insulin and glucagon. Insulin targets most tissues, especially liver cells,
adipose cells, and skeletal muscles, and stimulates the uptake and use of
glucose from the blood. Glucagon targets the cells of the liver to increase the
breakdown of stored glycogen into glucose, so that the glucose may be
released into the bloodstream to be used for energy.




Question:
Pathways may involve just a stimulus, endocrine cell, and target cell , or they
may involve a _____. Both pathways are subject to feedback loops for
regulation and maintenance.
Answer:
stimulus, hypothalamic regulation, pituitary response, and then target cell
response




Question:
Endocrine cells receive a stimulus and respond by
Answer:
secreting a hormone, which is distributed throughout the body as it reaches
target cells.