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,
,CHAPTER 1: Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery
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MULTIPLE CHOICE
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1. Viruses are: X#


a. infectious agents that infect multi-cellular organisms
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b. noncellular particles that take over the metabolism of a cell to generate more vi
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rusparticles #
X


c. pathogens that replicate in complex growth media
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d. cellular particles that belong to the archaea domain
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e. microbes that consist of lipid membrane enclosed genomes
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ANS: B X # DIF: Easy REF: X#X#X# 1.1 TOP: I.A | I.B X # X# X#


MSC: Remembering
X #




2. Analysis of DNA sequences reveals:
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a. the ancient convergence of two cell types, i.e., prokaryotes and eukaryot
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es
b. prokaryotes and eukaryotes evolved from a common ancestral cell
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c. that bacteria share common ancestor with archaea, but not with eukarya
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d. prokaryotes are cells with a nucleus X# X# X# X# X#


e. the genome of Haemophilus influenzae has about 2 billion base pairs
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ANS: B X # DIF: Easy REF: X#X#X# 1.1 TOP: I.A | I.B X # X# X#


MSC: Remembering
X #




3. Which of these groups are considered to be microbes but NOT considered to be cells?
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a. viruses d. protists
b. bacteria e. filamentous fungi X#


c. archaea
ANS: A X # DIF: Easy REF: X#X#X# 1.1 TOP: I.A.i X #


MSC: Remembering
X #




4. A microbe is commonly defined as:
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a. a virus that requires a microscope to be seen
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b. a bacterium that requires a microscope to be seen
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c. a single- X#

cellular prokaryote that requires a microscope to be seen
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d. a multicellular eukaryote that requires a microscope to be seen
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e. a living organism that requires a microscope to be seen
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ANS: E X # DIF: Easy REF: X#X#X# 1.1 TOP: I.A.i | I.A.ii
X # X# X#


MSC: Remembering
X #




5. Which one of the following statements regarding microbial cells is NOT true?
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a. Microbial cells acquire food, gain energy to build themselves, and respond
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to
environmental change. X#

, b. Most single- X#


celled organisms require a microscope to render them visible, but some
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bacterial cells are large enough to be seen with naked eyes.
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c. Microbes function as individual entities.
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d. Many microbes form complex multicellular assemblages.
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e. Viruses are not considered as microbial cells.
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ANS: C X # DIF: Easy REF: X#X#X# 1.1 TOP: I.A.i | I.A.ii
X # X# X#


MSC: Remembering
X #




6. Which of the following statements is FALSE?
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a. A genome is the total genetic information contained in an organism’s chromosomal DNA.
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b. If a microbe’s genome includes genes for nitrogenase, that microbe probably can fixnitr
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X


ogen.
c. By comparing DNA sequences of different organisms, we can figure out how closely
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related they are. X# X#


d. Fred Sanger developed the first applicable DNA sequencing method.
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e. Fred Sanger completed the sequences of Haemophilus influenzae.
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ANS: E X # DIF: Easy REF: X#X#X# 1.1 TOP: I.B X #


MSC: Remembering
X #




7. The first cellular genomes to be sequenced were those of:
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a. humans d. prions
b. bacteria e. fungi
c. viruses
ANS: B X # DIF: Easy REF: X#X#X# 1.1 TOP: I.B.iX #


MSC: Remembering
X #




8. The environment of early Earth may have contained all of the following EXCEPT:
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a. ferrous iron X# d. oxygen
b. methane e. hydrogen gas X#


c. ammonia
ANS: X # D DIF: Easy
REF: Special Topic 1.1TOP:
X# X# X# #
X X # II.D
MSC: Remembering X #




9. The development of the theory of the ―RNA world‖ resulted from the discovery of:
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a. archaea d. ribozymes
b. prions e. endosymbionts
c. bacteria
ANS: X # D DIF: Medium
REF: Special Topic 1.1TOP:
X# X# X# #
X X # II.D
MSC: Remembering X #




10. Which microbes may resemble those of the earliest life forms?
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a. archaea d. cyanobacteria
b. photosynthetic algae e. protists
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c. viruses
ANS: X # A DIF: Medium
REF: Special Topic 1.1TOP:
X# X# X# #
X X # II.D
MSC: Remembering X #




11. Early metabolism may have been catalyzed by:
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a. DNA d. amino acids X#


b. RNA e. carbohydrates