Complete Solutions
Defined as the awareness of the beating of one's
heart and may be benign or pathological in nature.
Correct Answers Palpitations-
If the patient reports a sensation of a strong but
regular rhythmic beating of the heart after stress
or exertion, this likely indicates a normal
physiological response to increased catecholamine
production. If there is a report of skipped or missed
beats, particularly with the sensation that the heart
"stopped" momentarily, this may indicate the
presence of an atrial or ventricular ectopic beat.
How is metabolic syndrome characterized? Correct
Answers Abdominal obesity, glucose intolerance,
insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia,
and HTN.
How is pain associated with angina pectoris
described? Correct Answers Generally, it is
described as a diffuse, retrosternal sensation of
pain, often with radiation, and a heavy, burning
sensation, usually lasting more than 1 minute but
less than 10 minutes. Exertional symptoms are
usually more common in individuals with fixed
atherosclerotic lesions. In assessing the person
with known angina pectoris, it is critical to
ascertain if there has been a change in the
, symptom pattern because this may indicate an
alteration in vessel patency such as that found in
accelerated atherosclerosis or vessel spasm.
How is Secondary HTN distinguished from Primary?
Correct Answers Secondary HTN is often
distinguished from essential HTN by certain
assessment findings, such as an age of onset
younger than 30 years or older than 50 years, BP
higher than 180/110 mm Hg at diagnosis,
significant TOD at diagnosis, hemorrhages and
exudates on funduscopic examination, renal
insufficiency, LVH, accelerated or malignant HTN,
and a poor response to therapy.
Reports of symptoms at rest are more likely to be
associated with? Correct Answers Coronary artery
vasospasm, a condition usually seen in patients
with coronary atherosclerosis
Syncope is a loss of consciousness that occurs
abruptly as a discrete episode and usually lasts for
a short period of only a few minutes. What is the
pathology of syncope? Correct Answers The
implied pathology is decreased cerebral blood flow
caused by a marked decrease in cardiac output.
some of these episodes are explainable and of
noncardiac origin (e.g., fluid loss, dehydration,
emotional stress), the majority of these episodes
are cardiovascular in origin, including the most