NURS 615
Fall 2021
Exam 4 Review Questions
Question 1
A patient in the emergency room (ER) has been prescribed ondansetron for nausea. The
APN understands that this medication works by which mechanism?
Question Options
1 ] Blocking dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone
2 ] Blocking histamine1 receptors in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract
3 ] Blocking serotonin on vagal nerve terminals
4 ] Stimulating gastric emptying and peristalsis
Correct Option/Answers: 3
Rationales
Option:
This mechanism describes the actions of a phenothiazine.
Option:
Antihistamines medications work through this mechanism.
Option:
The 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor (5-HT3) receptor antagonists block serotonin.
Option:
This mechanism is used by a prokinetic agent, such as metoclopramide.
[Page reference: 497]
Question 2
Which classification of respiratory medications results in bronchodilation effects and
sputum volume reduction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD)?
Question Options
1 ] Beta2 agonists
2 ] Methylxanthines
3 ] Muscarinic agents
4 ] Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE-4) inhibitors
Correct Option/Answers: 3
Rationales
Option:
Beta2 agonists relax the bronchial smooth muscle cells causing bronchodilation but not
sputum volume reduction.
Option:
, Methylxanthines has bronchodilation properties with phosphodiesterase-3 (PDE-3) and
phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE-4) inhibition but not sputum volume reduction.
Option:
Muscarinic agents reduce the volume of sputum without changing the viscosity, in
addition to their bronchodilation effects.
Option:
PDE-4s inhibit activation of the PDE-4 receptors located in the smooth muscles of the
airways, resulting in bronchial relaxation and a decrease in the activation of the immune
response but not sputum volume reduction.
[Page reference: 962]
Question 3
Which condition is a clinical indication for antihistamines?
Question Options
1 ] Nervousness
2 ] Headache
3 ] Urticaria
4 ] Constipation
Correct Option/Answers: 3
Rationales
Option:
Nervousness is a possible adverse drug reaction to first-generation antihistamines, not a
clinical indication for their use.
Option:
Headache is a possible adverse drug reaction to first-generation antihistamines, not a
clinical indication for their use.
Option:
In urticaria, histamine is the primary mediator; therefore, the antihistamines are the
drugs of choice and quite effective.
Option:
Constipation is not a clinical indication for the use of antihistamines.
[Page reference: 379]
Question 4
Pernicious anemia can develop in patients having long-term treatment with which class
of drugs?
Question Options
1 ] Histamine2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs)
2 ] Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)
3 ] Antacids
4 ] Prokinetic agents
Correct Option/Answers: 2
Fall 2021
Exam 4 Review Questions
Question 1
A patient in the emergency room (ER) has been prescribed ondansetron for nausea. The
APN understands that this medication works by which mechanism?
Question Options
1 ] Blocking dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone
2 ] Blocking histamine1 receptors in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract
3 ] Blocking serotonin on vagal nerve terminals
4 ] Stimulating gastric emptying and peristalsis
Correct Option/Answers: 3
Rationales
Option:
This mechanism describes the actions of a phenothiazine.
Option:
Antihistamines medications work through this mechanism.
Option:
The 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor (5-HT3) receptor antagonists block serotonin.
Option:
This mechanism is used by a prokinetic agent, such as metoclopramide.
[Page reference: 497]
Question 2
Which classification of respiratory medications results in bronchodilation effects and
sputum volume reduction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD)?
Question Options
1 ] Beta2 agonists
2 ] Methylxanthines
3 ] Muscarinic agents
4 ] Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE-4) inhibitors
Correct Option/Answers: 3
Rationales
Option:
Beta2 agonists relax the bronchial smooth muscle cells causing bronchodilation but not
sputum volume reduction.
Option:
, Methylxanthines has bronchodilation properties with phosphodiesterase-3 (PDE-3) and
phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE-4) inhibition but not sputum volume reduction.
Option:
Muscarinic agents reduce the volume of sputum without changing the viscosity, in
addition to their bronchodilation effects.
Option:
PDE-4s inhibit activation of the PDE-4 receptors located in the smooth muscles of the
airways, resulting in bronchial relaxation and a decrease in the activation of the immune
response but not sputum volume reduction.
[Page reference: 962]
Question 3
Which condition is a clinical indication for antihistamines?
Question Options
1 ] Nervousness
2 ] Headache
3 ] Urticaria
4 ] Constipation
Correct Option/Answers: 3
Rationales
Option:
Nervousness is a possible adverse drug reaction to first-generation antihistamines, not a
clinical indication for their use.
Option:
Headache is a possible adverse drug reaction to first-generation antihistamines, not a
clinical indication for their use.
Option:
In urticaria, histamine is the primary mediator; therefore, the antihistamines are the
drugs of choice and quite effective.
Option:
Constipation is not a clinical indication for the use of antihistamines.
[Page reference: 379]
Question 4
Pernicious anemia can develop in patients having long-term treatment with which class
of drugs?
Question Options
1 ] Histamine2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs)
2 ] Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)
3 ] Antacids
4 ] Prokinetic agents
Correct Option/Answers: 2
