Modulel 1:l BIODl 101/l BIOD101l (Latestl
2025/l 2026l Update)l Essentiall Biologyl Il
W/Labl |l Questionsl &l Answers|l Gradel A|l
100%l Correctl (Verifiedl Solutions)-l
Portagel Learning
Q:l Whyl arel lipidsl uniquel amongl biomacromolecules
Answer:
Mostl arel insolublel inl water.l Theyl arel notl monomers,l butl arel assembledl froml smallerl
moleculesl thatl arel chemicallyl linkedl together.
Q:l Whyl arel lipidsl insolublel inl water
Answer:
Theyl arel madel ofl mostlyl non-polarl hydrocarbonl chains.l Waterl canl onlyl dissolvel otherl
polarl orl ionicallyl bondedl substances.
Q:l Describel thel structurel ofl al phospholipid
Answer:
Theyl containl twol mainl components:l al polarl headl joinedl tol al non-polarl tail.l Thel headl
groupl isl attractedl tol polarl substancesl andl isl hydrophilic.l Thel taill groupl repelsl waterl
andl isl hydrophobic.
,Q:l 7l functionsl ofl proteins
Answer:
actl asl enzymesl andl regulatel metabolicl functions,l storel aminol acids,l actl asl hormones,l
forml antibodiesl forl immunologicall defense,l actl asl carriersl forl transportl andl alsol froml
membranel channels,l forml celll surfacel receptorsl tol receivel chemicall messages,l andl actl
asl structurall moleculesl forl supportl andl movement
Q:l Howl doesl thel shapel ofl al proteinl relatel tol itsl function
Answer:
theyl canl bel assembledl intol al varietyl ofl shapesl sol theyl canl servel al varietyl ofl
functions.l Somel makel necessaryl protectivel tissuesl likel skinl andl fingernails.l Othersl arel
usedl tol makel necessaryl substances,l likel hemoglobinl whichl carriesl oxygenl inl redl bloodl
cells
Q:l Twol majorl typesl ofl nucleicl acids
Answer:
DNAl andl RNA
Q:l Whatl isl thel rolel ofl DNA
Answer:
containsl al vastl amountl ofl hereditaryl informationl andl isl responsiblel forl thel inheritablel
characteristicsl ofl livingl organisms
Q:l Whatl isl thel rolel ofl RNA
, Answer:
responsiblel forl decipheringl thel hereditaryl informationl inl DNAl andl usingl itl tol
synthesizel proteins
Q:l Describel thel structurel ofl DNAl andl RNA
Answer:
bothl existl asl al chainl ofl nucleotidesl wherel thel sugarl ofl onel nucleotidel isl linkedl tol thel
phosphatel ofl thel next,l whilel thel nitrogenousl basel protrudesl froml eachl sugarl inl thel
string.l Thel formerl formsl al doublel chainl heldl togetherl byl hydrogenl bondsl whilel thel
latterl isl al singlel chainl ofl nucleotides
Q:l Prokaryoticl Cells
Answer:
simplel cellsl withl threel definingl characteristics:l size,l non-enclosedl geneticl material,l andl
lackl ofl organellesl andl otherl internall membrane-boundl structures
Q:l Eukaryoticl cells
Answer:
Morel complexl andl composesl mostl organisms.l Muchl larger,l posessl al nuclearl membrane,l
andl containl membrane-boundl organelles
Q:l Ribosomes
Answer:
Complexesl ofl tinyl manufacturingl plantsl thatl assemblel proteins
2025/l 2026l Update)l Essentiall Biologyl Il
W/Labl |l Questionsl &l Answers|l Gradel A|l
100%l Correctl (Verifiedl Solutions)-l
Portagel Learning
Q:l Whyl arel lipidsl uniquel amongl biomacromolecules
Answer:
Mostl arel insolublel inl water.l Theyl arel notl monomers,l butl arel assembledl froml smallerl
moleculesl thatl arel chemicallyl linkedl together.
Q:l Whyl arel lipidsl insolublel inl water
Answer:
Theyl arel madel ofl mostlyl non-polarl hydrocarbonl chains.l Waterl canl onlyl dissolvel otherl
polarl orl ionicallyl bondedl substances.
Q:l Describel thel structurel ofl al phospholipid
Answer:
Theyl containl twol mainl components:l al polarl headl joinedl tol al non-polarl tail.l Thel headl
groupl isl attractedl tol polarl substancesl andl isl hydrophilic.l Thel taill groupl repelsl waterl
andl isl hydrophobic.
,Q:l 7l functionsl ofl proteins
Answer:
actl asl enzymesl andl regulatel metabolicl functions,l storel aminol acids,l actl asl hormones,l
forml antibodiesl forl immunologicall defense,l actl asl carriersl forl transportl andl alsol froml
membranel channels,l forml celll surfacel receptorsl tol receivel chemicall messages,l andl actl
asl structurall moleculesl forl supportl andl movement
Q:l Howl doesl thel shapel ofl al proteinl relatel tol itsl function
Answer:
theyl canl bel assembledl intol al varietyl ofl shapesl sol theyl canl servel al varietyl ofl
functions.l Somel makel necessaryl protectivel tissuesl likel skinl andl fingernails.l Othersl arel
usedl tol makel necessaryl substances,l likel hemoglobinl whichl carriesl oxygenl inl redl bloodl
cells
Q:l Twol majorl typesl ofl nucleicl acids
Answer:
DNAl andl RNA
Q:l Whatl isl thel rolel ofl DNA
Answer:
containsl al vastl amountl ofl hereditaryl informationl andl isl responsiblel forl thel inheritablel
characteristicsl ofl livingl organisms
Q:l Whatl isl thel rolel ofl RNA
, Answer:
responsiblel forl decipheringl thel hereditaryl informationl inl DNAl andl usingl itl tol
synthesizel proteins
Q:l Describel thel structurel ofl DNAl andl RNA
Answer:
bothl existl asl al chainl ofl nucleotidesl wherel thel sugarl ofl onel nucleotidel isl linkedl tol thel
phosphatel ofl thel next,l whilel thel nitrogenousl basel protrudesl froml eachl sugarl inl thel
string.l Thel formerl formsl al doublel chainl heldl togetherl byl hydrogenl bondsl whilel thel
latterl isl al singlel chainl ofl nucleotides
Q:l Prokaryoticl Cells
Answer:
simplel cellsl withl threel definingl characteristics:l size,l non-enclosedl geneticl material,l andl
lackl ofl organellesl andl otherl internall membrane-boundl structures
Q:l Eukaryoticl cells
Answer:
Morel complexl andl composesl mostl organisms.l Muchl larger,l posessl al nuclearl membrane,l
andl containl membrane-boundl organelles
Q:l Ribosomes
Answer:
Complexesl ofl tinyl manufacturingl plantsl thatl assemblel proteins
