Finall Exam:l BIODl 101/l BIOD101l (Latestl
2025/l 2026l Update)l Essentiall Biologyl Il
W/Labl |l Questionsl &l Answers|l Gradel A|l
100%l Correctl (Verifiedl Solutions)-l
Portagel Learning
Q:l whatl arel thel rolesl ofl thel twol majorl typesl ofl nucleicl acids
Answer:
DNAl holdsl thel codingl andl genesl thatl thenl arel usedl tol producel RNAl whichl isl usedl tol
makel specificl proteins
Q:l whatl arel somel ofl thel mainl differencesl betweenl prokaryoticl andl eukaryoticl cells
Answer:
Prokaryoticl cellsl arel smalll andl multiplyl fast,l theyl don'tl havel organellesl andl dol notl
havel al nuclearl membranel enclosingl thel DNAl inl thel cell.l Eukaryoticl cellsl however,l
havel membranel boundl organellesl andl havel al largel nucleusl membranel whichl makel theml
al biggerl celll thanl prokaryoticl cells
Q:l whatl structuresl ofl thel cellsl arel complexesl ol tinyl manufacturingl pantsl thatl
assemblel proteins
-Endoplasmicl reticulum
-Lysosomes
-Nucleus
-Ribosomes
Answer:
ribosomes
,Q:l whatl 3l typesl ofl proteinl fibersl makel upl thel cytoskeleton
Answer:
microtubules,l microfilament,l andl intermediatel filament
Q:l whichl typel ofl celll junctionsl arel mechanicall structuresl thatl wrapl aroundl thel celll
tol preventl extracellularl fluidl froml leaking
-gapl junctions
-synapticl junctions
-tightl junctions
-desmosomes
Answer:
tightl junctions
Q:l whatl isl thel purposel ofl thel celll membrane
Answer:
wrapsl aroundl thel celll andl isl responsiblel forl keepingl thel cytoplasml andl organellesl inl
thel celll andl separatingl theml froml thel externall environment
Q:l explainl thel differencel betweenl passivel andl activel transportl andl providel anl
examplel ofl each
Answer:
passivel transportl doesl notl requirel energyl forl anl elementl tol movel betweenl thel celll
membranel forl examplel oxygenl andl carbonl dioxidel canl movel throughl al celll membranel
,withoutl anl energyl input.l Activel transportl needsl anl energyl suchl asl ATPl aidingl withl thel
sodium-potassiuml pumpl tol movel thel moleculel inl orl outl ofl thel membrane.
Q:l whyl isl thel electrochemicall gradientl importantl forl cellularl function
Answer:
importantl forl nervel conduction,l musclel contraction,l mitochondriall metabolism,l andl
hormonel secretion
Q:l Matterl canl existl inl whichl ofl thel followingl states
-Gaseous
-Solid
-Catatonic
-Liquid
-Basic
-Plasma
Answer:
gaseous,l solid,l liquid,l plasma,
Q:l Fill-in-the-Blank:l Thel foundationall buildingl blocksl ofl proteinsl arel thel organicl
compoundsl ______,l whichl arel heldl togetherl byl ______l bonds.
Answer:
aminol acids,l peptides
Q:l whatl doesl thel terml selectivel permeabilityl mean
Answer:
, Selectivel permeabilityl isl characterizedl byl thel abilityl ofl certainl substancesl tol passl
throughl thel celll membranel whilel otherl moleculesl cannot
Q:l whyl arel lipidsl insolublel inl water
Answer:
Theyl arel madel ofl mostlyl nonl polarl hydrocarbonl chains.l Waterl willl onlyl dissolvel otherl
polarl bondedl substances.l Lipidsl canl bel dissolvedl inl nonl polarl solvents,l likel alcohol
Q:l whatl arel ions
Answer:
atomsl withl al netl electricall chargel thatl canl bel negativel orl positivel basedl onl thel gainl
orl lossl ofl electrons
Q:l whichl organellel ofl thel celll containsl thel genomicl contentl ofl thel celll andl servesl asl
thel controll ofl thel cell
-lysosomes
-golgil apparatus
-nucleus
-mitochondria
Answer:
nucleus
Q:l Truel ofl False
passivel transportl isl vitall forl movingl essentiall nutrientsl intol thel cell.l Shouldl passivel
transportl stopl thel celll wouldl ceasel tol function
2025/l 2026l Update)l Essentiall Biologyl Il
W/Labl |l Questionsl &l Answers|l Gradel A|l
100%l Correctl (Verifiedl Solutions)-l
Portagel Learning
Q:l whatl arel thel rolesl ofl thel twol majorl typesl ofl nucleicl acids
Answer:
DNAl holdsl thel codingl andl genesl thatl thenl arel usedl tol producel RNAl whichl isl usedl tol
makel specificl proteins
Q:l whatl arel somel ofl thel mainl differencesl betweenl prokaryoticl andl eukaryoticl cells
Answer:
Prokaryoticl cellsl arel smalll andl multiplyl fast,l theyl don'tl havel organellesl andl dol notl
havel al nuclearl membranel enclosingl thel DNAl inl thel cell.l Eukaryoticl cellsl however,l
havel membranel boundl organellesl andl havel al largel nucleusl membranel whichl makel theml
al biggerl celll thanl prokaryoticl cells
Q:l whatl structuresl ofl thel cellsl arel complexesl ol tinyl manufacturingl pantsl thatl
assemblel proteins
-Endoplasmicl reticulum
-Lysosomes
-Nucleus
-Ribosomes
Answer:
ribosomes
,Q:l whatl 3l typesl ofl proteinl fibersl makel upl thel cytoskeleton
Answer:
microtubules,l microfilament,l andl intermediatel filament
Q:l whichl typel ofl celll junctionsl arel mechanicall structuresl thatl wrapl aroundl thel celll
tol preventl extracellularl fluidl froml leaking
-gapl junctions
-synapticl junctions
-tightl junctions
-desmosomes
Answer:
tightl junctions
Q:l whatl isl thel purposel ofl thel celll membrane
Answer:
wrapsl aroundl thel celll andl isl responsiblel forl keepingl thel cytoplasml andl organellesl inl
thel celll andl separatingl theml froml thel externall environment
Q:l explainl thel differencel betweenl passivel andl activel transportl andl providel anl
examplel ofl each
Answer:
passivel transportl doesl notl requirel energyl forl anl elementl tol movel betweenl thel celll
membranel forl examplel oxygenl andl carbonl dioxidel canl movel throughl al celll membranel
,withoutl anl energyl input.l Activel transportl needsl anl energyl suchl asl ATPl aidingl withl thel
sodium-potassiuml pumpl tol movel thel moleculel inl orl outl ofl thel membrane.
Q:l whyl isl thel electrochemicall gradientl importantl forl cellularl function
Answer:
importantl forl nervel conduction,l musclel contraction,l mitochondriall metabolism,l andl
hormonel secretion
Q:l Matterl canl existl inl whichl ofl thel followingl states
-Gaseous
-Solid
-Catatonic
-Liquid
-Basic
-Plasma
Answer:
gaseous,l solid,l liquid,l plasma,
Q:l Fill-in-the-Blank:l Thel foundationall buildingl blocksl ofl proteinsl arel thel organicl
compoundsl ______,l whichl arel heldl togetherl byl ______l bonds.
Answer:
aminol acids,l peptides
Q:l whatl doesl thel terml selectivel permeabilityl mean
Answer:
, Selectivel permeabilityl isl characterizedl byl thel abilityl ofl certainl substancesl tol passl
throughl thel celll membranel whilel otherl moleculesl cannot
Q:l whyl arel lipidsl insolublel inl water
Answer:
Theyl arel madel ofl mostlyl nonl polarl hydrocarbonl chains.l Waterl willl onlyl dissolvel otherl
polarl bondedl substances.l Lipidsl canl bel dissolvedl inl nonl polarl solvents,l likel alcohol
Q:l whatl arel ions
Answer:
atomsl withl al netl electricall chargel thatl canl bel negativel orl positivel basedl onl thel gainl
orl lossl ofl electrons
Q:l whichl organellel ofl thel celll containsl thel genomicl contentl ofl thel celll andl servesl asl
thel controll ofl thel cell
-lysosomes
-golgil apparatus
-nucleus
-mitochondria
Answer:
nucleus
Q:l Truel ofl False
passivel transportl isl vitall forl movingl essentiall nutrientsl intol thel cell.l Shouldl passivel
transportl stopl thel celll wouldl ceasel tol function
