Human Physiology Comprehensive Exam – Questions 1–
75
Based on “Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach” (8th Edition by Dee Unglaub
Silverthorn)
Instructions:
Choose the best answer for each question.
Each question carries 1 mark.
Correct answers are marked with ✅.
1. Which structure is the site of action potential initiation in a
neuron?
A. Axon
B. Soma
✅ C. Axon hillock
D. Dendrite
2. The Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase pump moves ions in what direction?
✅ A. 3 Na⁺ out, 2 K⁺ in
B. 2 Na⁺ in, 3 K⁺ out
C. 3 K⁺ out, 2 Na⁺ in
D. Equal Na⁺ and K⁺ exchange
3. Which type of muscle tissue is striated and under voluntary
control?
A. Smooth
✅ B. Skeletal
C. Cardiac
D. Involuntary
,4. The Frank-Starling law describes the relationship between:
✅ A. Ventricular contraction and preload
B. Blood volume and resistance
C. Heart rate and stroke volume
D. Systole and diastole
5. Which hormone increases reabsorption of water in the kidneys?
A. Aldosterone
B. ANP
✅ C. ADH (Vasopressin)
D. Cortisol
6. Which ion is primarily responsible for the depolarization phase
of the action potential?
✅ A. Na⁺
B. K⁺
C. Cl⁻
D. Ca²⁺
7. Which cell type produces myelin in the central nervous system?
A. Schwann cells
✅ B. Oligodendrocytes
C. Astrocytes
D. Microglia
8. The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for:
A. "Rest and digest"
✅ B. "Fight or flight"
C. Voluntary movement
D. Decreasing heart rate
9. Which neurotransmitter is most associated with the
parasympathetic nervous system?
A. Norepinephrine
✅ B. Acetylcholine
C. Dopamine
D. Serotonin
, 10. The sarcomere is the functional unit of which muscle type?
✅ A. Skeletal muscle
B. Smooth muscle
C. Cardiac muscle
D. All of the above
11. Which blood vessels have the greatest total cross-sectional
area?
A. Arteries
✅ B. Capillaries
C. Veins
D. Venules
12. The primary pacemaker of the heart is the:
A. AV node
✅ B. SA node
C. Bundle of His
D. Purkinje fibers
13. Which of the following is part of the innate immune response?
✅ A. Inflammation
B. B cell activation
C. Antibody production
D. Memory cell formation
14. Which gas law explains how pressure and volume are
inversely related?
✅ A. Boyle’s law
B. Dalton’s law
C. Henry’s law
D. Charles’s law
15. What enzyme breaks down starch in the digestive system?
✅ A. Amylase
B. Pepsin
C. Lipase
D. Trypsin
75
Based on “Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach” (8th Edition by Dee Unglaub
Silverthorn)
Instructions:
Choose the best answer for each question.
Each question carries 1 mark.
Correct answers are marked with ✅.
1. Which structure is the site of action potential initiation in a
neuron?
A. Axon
B. Soma
✅ C. Axon hillock
D. Dendrite
2. The Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase pump moves ions in what direction?
✅ A. 3 Na⁺ out, 2 K⁺ in
B. 2 Na⁺ in, 3 K⁺ out
C. 3 K⁺ out, 2 Na⁺ in
D. Equal Na⁺ and K⁺ exchange
3. Which type of muscle tissue is striated and under voluntary
control?
A. Smooth
✅ B. Skeletal
C. Cardiac
D. Involuntary
,4. The Frank-Starling law describes the relationship between:
✅ A. Ventricular contraction and preload
B. Blood volume and resistance
C. Heart rate and stroke volume
D. Systole and diastole
5. Which hormone increases reabsorption of water in the kidneys?
A. Aldosterone
B. ANP
✅ C. ADH (Vasopressin)
D. Cortisol
6. Which ion is primarily responsible for the depolarization phase
of the action potential?
✅ A. Na⁺
B. K⁺
C. Cl⁻
D. Ca²⁺
7. Which cell type produces myelin in the central nervous system?
A. Schwann cells
✅ B. Oligodendrocytes
C. Astrocytes
D. Microglia
8. The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for:
A. "Rest and digest"
✅ B. "Fight or flight"
C. Voluntary movement
D. Decreasing heart rate
9. Which neurotransmitter is most associated with the
parasympathetic nervous system?
A. Norepinephrine
✅ B. Acetylcholine
C. Dopamine
D. Serotonin
, 10. The sarcomere is the functional unit of which muscle type?
✅ A. Skeletal muscle
B. Smooth muscle
C. Cardiac muscle
D. All of the above
11. Which blood vessels have the greatest total cross-sectional
area?
A. Arteries
✅ B. Capillaries
C. Veins
D. Venules
12. The primary pacemaker of the heart is the:
A. AV node
✅ B. SA node
C. Bundle of His
D. Purkinje fibers
13. Which of the following is part of the innate immune response?
✅ A. Inflammation
B. B cell activation
C. Antibody production
D. Memory cell formation
14. Which gas law explains how pressure and volume are
inversely related?
✅ A. Boyle’s law
B. Dalton’s law
C. Henry’s law
D. Charles’s law
15. What enzyme breaks down starch in the digestive system?
✅ A. Amylase
B. Pepsin
C. Lipase
D. Trypsin
