NUR 2063 ESSENTIAL OF
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2025 EXAM
WITH QUESTION AND CORRECT
ANSWERS VERIFIED EXAM.
,What body functions cause fluid volume deficits? - correct answer-Blood loss from cuts/wounds
Through the gastrointestinal system: vomiting and diarrhea Abnormally excessive urination
(polyuria); can be caused by excessive intake of diuretic substances or medications or from renal
disorder.
Hyponatremia can result in what fatal action? - correct answer-Hyponatremia occurs when the
concentration of sodium in your blood is abnormally low. Sodium is an electrolyte, and it helps
regulate the amount of water that's in and around your cells. In hyponatremia, one or more
factors — ranging from an underlying medical condition to drinking too much water — cause
the sodium in your body to become diluted. When this happens, your body's water levels rise,
and your cells begin to swell. This swelling can cause many health problems, from mild to life-
threatening.
The normal lab value range for sodium, what happens to the body when outside this range? -
currect answer-SODIUM - Sodium is the most abundant cation (pronounced cat-ion) in the
blood and its chief base. It functions in the body to maintain osmotic pressure, acid-base
balance and to transmit nerve impulses. Very Low value: seizure and neurologic symptoms.
Sodium, serum: 135-145 mEq/L
Sodium, urine: 135-145 mEq/L
Tetany - correct answer-a symptom characterized by the involuntary contraction of muscles that
leads to painful muscle cramps, spasms of the voice box (i.e., larynx), and sensory disturbances.
What electrolyte is associated with muscular tetany? - correct answer-Hypocalcemia - aka LOW
calcium
tetany (muscle twitching/spasms)
Symptoms of dehydration - correct answer-thirst, headache, fatigue, loss of appetite, dry eyes,
dry mouth, dark-colored urine
, Osmosis - correct answer-Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.
Clinical manifestations of fluid excess - correct answer-peripheral edema, periorbital edema,
anasarca, cerebral edema, dyspnea, bounding pulse, tachycardia, jugular vein distension,
hypertension, polyuria, rapid weight gain, crackles, and bulging fontanelles.
2 Electrolytes that contains higher levels of extracellular fluid? - correct answer-(Sodium and
Chloride.) in biology, body fluid that is not contained in cells. It is found in blood, in lymph, in
body cavities lined with serous (moisture-exuding) membrane, in the cavities and channels of
the brain and spinal cord, and in muscular and other body tissues.
Intracellular fluid contains higher levels of which electrolyte? - correct answer-(Potassium) The
fluid is often secreted by cells to provide a constant environment for cellular operations.
Fluid loss from the body occurs in which ways? - correct answer-Gastrointestinal losses
(vomiting, diarrhea, and nasogastric suctioning)
Excessive diaphoresis (sweating)
Hemorrhage
Diabetes mellitus (which causes renal glucose excretion and, in turn, results in water losses)
Diabetes insipidus (an inability to concentrate urine, leading to excessive water loss).
Bones are a reservoir for what electrolyte? - correct answer-Mainly Calcium but is found with
magnesium and phosphorus.
The normal lab value range for potassium, what happens to the body when outside this range? -
correct answer-It is critical to the proper functioning of nerve and muscles cells, particularly
heart muscle cells. Normally, your blood potassium level is 3.6 to 5.2 millimoles per liter
(mmol/L). A very low potassium level (less than 2.5 mmol/L ) can be life-threatening and
requires urgent medical attention.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2025 EXAM
WITH QUESTION AND CORRECT
ANSWERS VERIFIED EXAM.
,What body functions cause fluid volume deficits? - correct answer-Blood loss from cuts/wounds
Through the gastrointestinal system: vomiting and diarrhea Abnormally excessive urination
(polyuria); can be caused by excessive intake of diuretic substances or medications or from renal
disorder.
Hyponatremia can result in what fatal action? - correct answer-Hyponatremia occurs when the
concentration of sodium in your blood is abnormally low. Sodium is an electrolyte, and it helps
regulate the amount of water that's in and around your cells. In hyponatremia, one or more
factors — ranging from an underlying medical condition to drinking too much water — cause
the sodium in your body to become diluted. When this happens, your body's water levels rise,
and your cells begin to swell. This swelling can cause many health problems, from mild to life-
threatening.
The normal lab value range for sodium, what happens to the body when outside this range? -
currect answer-SODIUM - Sodium is the most abundant cation (pronounced cat-ion) in the
blood and its chief base. It functions in the body to maintain osmotic pressure, acid-base
balance and to transmit nerve impulses. Very Low value: seizure and neurologic symptoms.
Sodium, serum: 135-145 mEq/L
Sodium, urine: 135-145 mEq/L
Tetany - correct answer-a symptom characterized by the involuntary contraction of muscles that
leads to painful muscle cramps, spasms of the voice box (i.e., larynx), and sensory disturbances.
What electrolyte is associated with muscular tetany? - correct answer-Hypocalcemia - aka LOW
calcium
tetany (muscle twitching/spasms)
Symptoms of dehydration - correct answer-thirst, headache, fatigue, loss of appetite, dry eyes,
dry mouth, dark-colored urine
, Osmosis - correct answer-Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.
Clinical manifestations of fluid excess - correct answer-peripheral edema, periorbital edema,
anasarca, cerebral edema, dyspnea, bounding pulse, tachycardia, jugular vein distension,
hypertension, polyuria, rapid weight gain, crackles, and bulging fontanelles.
2 Electrolytes that contains higher levels of extracellular fluid? - correct answer-(Sodium and
Chloride.) in biology, body fluid that is not contained in cells. It is found in blood, in lymph, in
body cavities lined with serous (moisture-exuding) membrane, in the cavities and channels of
the brain and spinal cord, and in muscular and other body tissues.
Intracellular fluid contains higher levels of which electrolyte? - correct answer-(Potassium) The
fluid is often secreted by cells to provide a constant environment for cellular operations.
Fluid loss from the body occurs in which ways? - correct answer-Gastrointestinal losses
(vomiting, diarrhea, and nasogastric suctioning)
Excessive diaphoresis (sweating)
Hemorrhage
Diabetes mellitus (which causes renal glucose excretion and, in turn, results in water losses)
Diabetes insipidus (an inability to concentrate urine, leading to excessive water loss).
Bones are a reservoir for what electrolyte? - correct answer-Mainly Calcium but is found with
magnesium and phosphorus.
The normal lab value range for potassium, what happens to the body when outside this range? -
correct answer-It is critical to the proper functioning of nerve and muscles cells, particularly
heart muscle cells. Normally, your blood potassium level is 3.6 to 5.2 millimoles per liter
(mmol/L). A very low potassium level (less than 2.5 mmol/L ) can be life-threatening and
requires urgent medical attention.
