BIO330
Bio 330 exam 1 2025
chromosomes - Correct Ans-discrete unit of the genome carrying many genes
structural gene - Correct Ans-a gene that codes for any RNA or polypeptide product
other than a regulator
transforming principal - Correct Ans-DNA that is taken up by a bacterium and whose
expression then changes the properties of the recipient cell
transfection - Correct Ans-in eukaryotic cells, the acquisition of new genetic markers by
incorporation of added DNA
nucleoside - Correct Ans-consists of purine or pyrimidine base linked to the 1' carbon of
a pentose sugar
nucleotide - Correct Ans-consists of a nuclease linked to a phosphate group on either
the 5' or 3' carbon of the (deoxy)ribose
polynucleotide - Correct Ans-chain that is joined by a phosphate group between the 3'
carbon of one sugar and 5' carbon of the next sugar
supercoiling - Correct Ans-the coiling of a closed duplex DNA in space so that it crosses
over its own axis
complementary - Correct Ans-base pairs that match up in the pairing reactions in double
helical nucleic acids
major groove - Correct Ans-wide
minor groove - Correct Ans-narrow
overwound - Correct Ans-B-form DNA that has more than 10.5 base pairs per turn of
the helix
underwound - Correct Ans-B-form DNA that has fewer than 10.5 base pairs per turn of
the helix
semiconservative replication - Correct Ans-DNA replication accomplished by separation
of the strands of a perennial duplex, each strand then acting as a template for synthesis
of a complementary strand
denaturation - Correct Ans-in DNA this involves the separation of the two strands due to
breaking of hydrogen bonds between bases
BIO330
, BIO330
renaturation - Correct Ans-the reallocation of denatured complementary single strands
of DNA double helix
replication fork - Correct Ans-the point at which the parental strands are seperated
DNA polymerases - Correct Ans-the enzymes that synthesize DNA
endonucleases - Correct Ans-cleaves a bond within a nucleic acid
exonucleases - Correct Ans-removes bases one at a time
reverse transcription - Correct Ans-RNA converted into DNA
RNA polymerases - Correct Ans-an enzyme that synthesizes RNA using a DNA
template
Central dogma - Correct Ans-info cannot be transformed from protein or protein to
nucleic acid, but can be transferred between nucleic acids and from nucleic acid to
protein
Melting Temperature (Tm) - Correct Ans-midpoint of the temp range for denaturation
spontaneously - Correct Ans-random
induced - Correct Ans-by mutagens
point muation - Correct Ans-changes a single base pair
transition - Correct Ans-replaces G-C base pair with an A-T base pair
transversion - Correct Ans-replaces a A-T to T-A
forward mutations - Correct Ans-alter function of a gene
back mutations - Correct Ans-reverse their affects
True reversion - Correct Ans-a mutation that restores the original sequence of DNA
second-site reversion - Correct Ans-a second mutation suppressing the affect of a first
mutation within the same gene
suppression - Correct Ans-occurs when a mutation in a second gene by pass the effect
of mutation in the first gene
BIO330
Bio 330 exam 1 2025
chromosomes - Correct Ans-discrete unit of the genome carrying many genes
structural gene - Correct Ans-a gene that codes for any RNA or polypeptide product
other than a regulator
transforming principal - Correct Ans-DNA that is taken up by a bacterium and whose
expression then changes the properties of the recipient cell
transfection - Correct Ans-in eukaryotic cells, the acquisition of new genetic markers by
incorporation of added DNA
nucleoside - Correct Ans-consists of purine or pyrimidine base linked to the 1' carbon of
a pentose sugar
nucleotide - Correct Ans-consists of a nuclease linked to a phosphate group on either
the 5' or 3' carbon of the (deoxy)ribose
polynucleotide - Correct Ans-chain that is joined by a phosphate group between the 3'
carbon of one sugar and 5' carbon of the next sugar
supercoiling - Correct Ans-the coiling of a closed duplex DNA in space so that it crosses
over its own axis
complementary - Correct Ans-base pairs that match up in the pairing reactions in double
helical nucleic acids
major groove - Correct Ans-wide
minor groove - Correct Ans-narrow
overwound - Correct Ans-B-form DNA that has more than 10.5 base pairs per turn of
the helix
underwound - Correct Ans-B-form DNA that has fewer than 10.5 base pairs per turn of
the helix
semiconservative replication - Correct Ans-DNA replication accomplished by separation
of the strands of a perennial duplex, each strand then acting as a template for synthesis
of a complementary strand
denaturation - Correct Ans-in DNA this involves the separation of the two strands due to
breaking of hydrogen bonds between bases
BIO330
, BIO330
renaturation - Correct Ans-the reallocation of denatured complementary single strands
of DNA double helix
replication fork - Correct Ans-the point at which the parental strands are seperated
DNA polymerases - Correct Ans-the enzymes that synthesize DNA
endonucleases - Correct Ans-cleaves a bond within a nucleic acid
exonucleases - Correct Ans-removes bases one at a time
reverse transcription - Correct Ans-RNA converted into DNA
RNA polymerases - Correct Ans-an enzyme that synthesizes RNA using a DNA
template
Central dogma - Correct Ans-info cannot be transformed from protein or protein to
nucleic acid, but can be transferred between nucleic acids and from nucleic acid to
protein
Melting Temperature (Tm) - Correct Ans-midpoint of the temp range for denaturation
spontaneously - Correct Ans-random
induced - Correct Ans-by mutagens
point muation - Correct Ans-changes a single base pair
transition - Correct Ans-replaces G-C base pair with an A-T base pair
transversion - Correct Ans-replaces a A-T to T-A
forward mutations - Correct Ans-alter function of a gene
back mutations - Correct Ans-reverse their affects
True reversion - Correct Ans-a mutation that restores the original sequence of DNA
second-site reversion - Correct Ans-a second mutation suppressing the affect of a first
mutation within the same gene
suppression - Correct Ans-occurs when a mutation in a second gene by pass the effect
of mutation in the first gene
BIO330
