TEST BANK FOR BROCK BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISM A) Archaea
B) Bacteria
16TH EDITION BY MICHAEL T. MADIGAN A+
C) Eukarya
D) Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya
Chapter 1 The Microbial World
1.1 Multiple Choice Questions
1) Which of the following statements is FALSE?
A) Microbial cells can exist as single cells.
B) Microbial cells carry out their life processes of growth independently.
5) Biological catalysts involved in the acceleration of the rate of chemical reactions are
C) Microbial cells include both bacteria and viruses.
called
D) Microbial cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane.
A) catalytic converters.
B) growth agents.
C) evolutionary molecules.
D) enzymes.
2) Which of the following statements is correct?
A) Microorganisms are significant contributors to the total biomass on Earth.
B) Microorganisms represent a much smaller amount of Earth’s biomass than plants.
6) Regarding early life on Earth
C) Microorganisms represent a much smaller amount of Earth’s biomass than animals.
A) microbial life existed for billions of years before plant and animal life.
D) Microorganisms are significant in number, but not in overall biomass.
B) microbial life existed long before animals but has been around for about the same amount
of time as plants.
C) microbial life, plant life, and animal life all appeared at about the same time.
D) it is impossible to determine which type of life first appeared.
3) Differential selection and reproduction of phenotypes occurs during a process called
A) cellular differentiation.
7) The person who described the “wee animalcules” was
B) evolution.
A) Robert Hooke.
C) growth.
B) Antoni van Leeuwenhoek.
D) transformation.
C) Louis Pasteur.
D) Ferdinand Cohn.
Chapter Section: 1.5
4) In what/which domain(s) of life is/are microorganisms represented?
8) Walther Hesse and pioneered the use of agar as a solidifying agent.
A+ Page 1 A+ Page 2
,A) Louis Pasteur B) agricultural microbiology.
B) Ferdinand Cohn C) marine microbiology.
C) Robert Koch D) aquatic microbiology.
D) Sergei Winogradsky
0
9) Which of the following is/are characteristic of all cellular organisms? 13) Microbial sterilization is used to
A) communication A) decrease the possibility of contaminants growing in a culture.
B) evolution B) kill bacteria but not necessarily viruses or other microbes.
C) motility C) kill all microbes in or on objects.
D) communication, evolution, and motility D) clean a work area.
Chapter Section: 1.9
14) Transparent double-sided dishes used for growing microbes are most commonly called
A) Petri dishes.
10) Deduce why viruses are excluded from the ribosomal RNA—based tree of life. B) baker dishes.
A) Some viruses contain multiple strands of RNA. C) sterilization plates.
B) Their genetic elements cannot be sequenced. D) culture medium plates.
C) They can infect other organisms, which complicates the genetic comparisons.
D) They lack ribosomal RNA (rRNA). 0
3 15) Microbes playing a role in nitrogen fixation in plants live in , while those playing
11) Louis Pasteur developed the vaccine(s) for a role in the digestive tract of certain herbivores live in .
A) anthrax only. A) rumens / nodules
B) fowl cholera only. B) nodules / rumens
C) rabies only. C) nodules / fortrans
D) anthrax, fowl cholera, and rabies. D) fortrans / rumens
Chapter Section: 1.9
12) The discovery of antibiotics and other important chemicals led to the field of 16) Which of the following is NOT an accomplishment of Louis Pasteur?
A) industrial microbiology.
A+ Page 3 A+ Page 4
,A) determined that the alcohol-making process was mediated by microbial fermentation and D) Viruses would have still been present, and his conclusion would have been unchanged.
thus refuted the theory of spontaneous generation
B) developed enrichment culture techniques Chapter Section: 1.9
C) developed heat sterilization techniques that involved the creation of a specialized swan- 20) A pure culture
necked flask A) is sterile.
D) developed the first rabies vaccine and treated thousands of individuals B) is a population of identical cells.
C) is made of a clearly defined chemical medium.
Chapter Section: 1.9 D) contains one microbial cell.
17) The theory of spontaneous generation was refuted by the work of
A) Louis Pasteur. Chapter Section: 1.9
B) Robert Koch. 21) Martinus Beijerinck was the first to isolate
C) Robert Hooke. A) green algae.
D) Antoni van Leeuwenhoek. B) certain nitrogen-fixing root nodule bacteria.
C) certain sulfate-reducing bacteria.
Chapter Section: 1.9 D) green algae, certain nitrogen-fixing root nodule bacteria, and certain sulfate-reducing
18) A Pasteur flask has a(n) bacteria.
A) swan neck to prevent particulate matter from getting into the main body of the flask.
B) double neck so two substances may be added at the same time. 1
C) secondary opening at the base to allow for drainage. 22) Chemolithotrophy involves
D) inverted upper edge to prevent spillage while swirling. A) oxidation of organic compounds.
B) oxidation of inorganic compounds.
Chapter Section: 1.9 C) reduction of organic compounds.
D) metabolic autotrophy.
19) Predict how Pasteur’s conclusions on spontaneous generation with swan flasks would
have changed if he worked with and maintained the flasks in a sterile laminar flow hood. 1
A) Sterilization of the swan flask solutions would not have been necessary to reject
spontaneous generation. If he did sterilize the flasks, the spontaneous generation hypothesis 23) Developments in the fields of immunology and medical microbiology were practical
would have been supported. extensions of the work of
B) His incubation times would not have been sufficient to refute spontaneous generation. A) Sergei Winogradsky.
C) Pasteur’s flasks never would have putrefied, and the experiment would not have refuted B) Antoni van Leeuwenhoek.
spontaneous generation. C) Joseph Lister.
A+ Page 5 A+ Page 6
, D) Robert Koch. D) cultivation of coli.
0 Chapter Section: 1.9
24) Microbial control in wastewaters would most logically be a part of 28) Microorganisms play key roles in the cycling of important nutrients in plant nutrition,
A) microbial genetics. particularly those of
B) aquatic microbiology. A) carbon only.
C) medical microbiology. B) nitrogen only.
D) bacterial energetics. C) sulfur only.
D) carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur.
25) Robert Koch contributed to the field of microbiology by being the first person to
A) develop the tuberculin test only. 29) Microbial ecology is the study of
B) formulate four postulates for definitively linking a specific microorganism to a specific A) microbial processes in the rhizosphere that benefit plant growth.
disease only. B) the diversity and activities of microorganisms.
C) use agar as a solidifying agent in growth media only. C) the grouping and classifying of microorganisms.
D) develop the tuberculin test, formulate four postulates for definitively linking a specific D) microorganisms in their natural environments.
microorganism to a specific disease, and use agar as a solidifying agent in growth media.
Chapter Section: 1.9
26) Mycobacterium tuberculosis is very difficult to stain because of the 30) The structure that confers structural strength on the cell is known as the
A) presence of ribosomes in the cytoplasm. A) cytoplasmic membrane.
B) location of the DNA within the cell. B) cell wall.
C) large amounts of a waxlike lipids present in its cell wall. C) ribosome.
D) lack of a cell wall. D) cytoplasm.
0
27) Louis Pasteur’s most famous success was his work on 31) A microbial cell’s membrane is considered , because its internal constituents are
A) Mycobacterium tuberculosis. maintained within the cell. However, it also imports and exports other molecules in response to
B) the rabies vaccine. its environment.
C) optical isomers. A) differential
A+ Page 7 A+ Page 8
B) Bacteria
16TH EDITION BY MICHAEL T. MADIGAN A+
C) Eukarya
D) Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya
Chapter 1 The Microbial World
1.1 Multiple Choice Questions
1) Which of the following statements is FALSE?
A) Microbial cells can exist as single cells.
B) Microbial cells carry out their life processes of growth independently.
5) Biological catalysts involved in the acceleration of the rate of chemical reactions are
C) Microbial cells include both bacteria and viruses.
called
D) Microbial cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane.
A) catalytic converters.
B) growth agents.
C) evolutionary molecules.
D) enzymes.
2) Which of the following statements is correct?
A) Microorganisms are significant contributors to the total biomass on Earth.
B) Microorganisms represent a much smaller amount of Earth’s biomass than plants.
6) Regarding early life on Earth
C) Microorganisms represent a much smaller amount of Earth’s biomass than animals.
A) microbial life existed for billions of years before plant and animal life.
D) Microorganisms are significant in number, but not in overall biomass.
B) microbial life existed long before animals but has been around for about the same amount
of time as plants.
C) microbial life, plant life, and animal life all appeared at about the same time.
D) it is impossible to determine which type of life first appeared.
3) Differential selection and reproduction of phenotypes occurs during a process called
A) cellular differentiation.
7) The person who described the “wee animalcules” was
B) evolution.
A) Robert Hooke.
C) growth.
B) Antoni van Leeuwenhoek.
D) transformation.
C) Louis Pasteur.
D) Ferdinand Cohn.
Chapter Section: 1.5
4) In what/which domain(s) of life is/are microorganisms represented?
8) Walther Hesse and pioneered the use of agar as a solidifying agent.
A+ Page 1 A+ Page 2
,A) Louis Pasteur B) agricultural microbiology.
B) Ferdinand Cohn C) marine microbiology.
C) Robert Koch D) aquatic microbiology.
D) Sergei Winogradsky
0
9) Which of the following is/are characteristic of all cellular organisms? 13) Microbial sterilization is used to
A) communication A) decrease the possibility of contaminants growing in a culture.
B) evolution B) kill bacteria but not necessarily viruses or other microbes.
C) motility C) kill all microbes in or on objects.
D) communication, evolution, and motility D) clean a work area.
Chapter Section: 1.9
14) Transparent double-sided dishes used for growing microbes are most commonly called
A) Petri dishes.
10) Deduce why viruses are excluded from the ribosomal RNA—based tree of life. B) baker dishes.
A) Some viruses contain multiple strands of RNA. C) sterilization plates.
B) Their genetic elements cannot be sequenced. D) culture medium plates.
C) They can infect other organisms, which complicates the genetic comparisons.
D) They lack ribosomal RNA (rRNA). 0
3 15) Microbes playing a role in nitrogen fixation in plants live in , while those playing
11) Louis Pasteur developed the vaccine(s) for a role in the digestive tract of certain herbivores live in .
A) anthrax only. A) rumens / nodules
B) fowl cholera only. B) nodules / rumens
C) rabies only. C) nodules / fortrans
D) anthrax, fowl cholera, and rabies. D) fortrans / rumens
Chapter Section: 1.9
12) The discovery of antibiotics and other important chemicals led to the field of 16) Which of the following is NOT an accomplishment of Louis Pasteur?
A) industrial microbiology.
A+ Page 3 A+ Page 4
,A) determined that the alcohol-making process was mediated by microbial fermentation and D) Viruses would have still been present, and his conclusion would have been unchanged.
thus refuted the theory of spontaneous generation
B) developed enrichment culture techniques Chapter Section: 1.9
C) developed heat sterilization techniques that involved the creation of a specialized swan- 20) A pure culture
necked flask A) is sterile.
D) developed the first rabies vaccine and treated thousands of individuals B) is a population of identical cells.
C) is made of a clearly defined chemical medium.
Chapter Section: 1.9 D) contains one microbial cell.
17) The theory of spontaneous generation was refuted by the work of
A) Louis Pasteur. Chapter Section: 1.9
B) Robert Koch. 21) Martinus Beijerinck was the first to isolate
C) Robert Hooke. A) green algae.
D) Antoni van Leeuwenhoek. B) certain nitrogen-fixing root nodule bacteria.
C) certain sulfate-reducing bacteria.
Chapter Section: 1.9 D) green algae, certain nitrogen-fixing root nodule bacteria, and certain sulfate-reducing
18) A Pasteur flask has a(n) bacteria.
A) swan neck to prevent particulate matter from getting into the main body of the flask.
B) double neck so two substances may be added at the same time. 1
C) secondary opening at the base to allow for drainage. 22) Chemolithotrophy involves
D) inverted upper edge to prevent spillage while swirling. A) oxidation of organic compounds.
B) oxidation of inorganic compounds.
Chapter Section: 1.9 C) reduction of organic compounds.
D) metabolic autotrophy.
19) Predict how Pasteur’s conclusions on spontaneous generation with swan flasks would
have changed if he worked with and maintained the flasks in a sterile laminar flow hood. 1
A) Sterilization of the swan flask solutions would not have been necessary to reject
spontaneous generation. If he did sterilize the flasks, the spontaneous generation hypothesis 23) Developments in the fields of immunology and medical microbiology were practical
would have been supported. extensions of the work of
B) His incubation times would not have been sufficient to refute spontaneous generation. A) Sergei Winogradsky.
C) Pasteur’s flasks never would have putrefied, and the experiment would not have refuted B) Antoni van Leeuwenhoek.
spontaneous generation. C) Joseph Lister.
A+ Page 5 A+ Page 6
, D) Robert Koch. D) cultivation of coli.
0 Chapter Section: 1.9
24) Microbial control in wastewaters would most logically be a part of 28) Microorganisms play key roles in the cycling of important nutrients in plant nutrition,
A) microbial genetics. particularly those of
B) aquatic microbiology. A) carbon only.
C) medical microbiology. B) nitrogen only.
D) bacterial energetics. C) sulfur only.
D) carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur.
25) Robert Koch contributed to the field of microbiology by being the first person to
A) develop the tuberculin test only. 29) Microbial ecology is the study of
B) formulate four postulates for definitively linking a specific microorganism to a specific A) microbial processes in the rhizosphere that benefit plant growth.
disease only. B) the diversity and activities of microorganisms.
C) use agar as a solidifying agent in growth media only. C) the grouping and classifying of microorganisms.
D) develop the tuberculin test, formulate four postulates for definitively linking a specific D) microorganisms in their natural environments.
microorganism to a specific disease, and use agar as a solidifying agent in growth media.
Chapter Section: 1.9
26) Mycobacterium tuberculosis is very difficult to stain because of the 30) The structure that confers structural strength on the cell is known as the
A) presence of ribosomes in the cytoplasm. A) cytoplasmic membrane.
B) location of the DNA within the cell. B) cell wall.
C) large amounts of a waxlike lipids present in its cell wall. C) ribosome.
D) lack of a cell wall. D) cytoplasm.
0
27) Louis Pasteur’s most famous success was his work on 31) A microbial cell’s membrane is considered , because its internal constituents are
A) Mycobacterium tuberculosis. maintained within the cell. However, it also imports and exports other molecules in response to
B) the rabies vaccine. its environment.
C) optical isomers. A) differential
A+ Page 7 A+ Page 8
