MNG 201 ADVANCED TEXT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS COLLECTLY DETAILED

What is spontaneous/self potential - ANSWERS- Method that measures the natural variation of the ground voltage between two electrodes. The voltage variation is caused by electrochemical reactions at a conductive body. - used to detect sulfide bodies ore sampling techniques - ANSWERS- drilling - trenches/ shallow pits - short adit - channel sample - chip sample - grab sample - bulk sample reserve - ANSWERS- the economically mineable part of a measured or indicated mineral resource - proved: high level of confidence - probable: lower level of confidence feasibility report - ANSWERSpresents the feasibility of opening the ore for extraction and commercial production what can the cross-section method determine - ANSWERS- tonnage -average grade of ore - volume of overburden - stripping ratio ore deposit - ANSWERSrepresents rare geologic anomalies resistivity method - ANSWERS- measures the apparent bulk electrical resistivity by injecting current into the ground through current electrodes that are grounded at the Earth's surface - measures the difference of the electrical potential between the electrodes - detects metallic deposits and ones whose conductivity is much greater than the host rock When is a feasibility report created? - ANSWERSafter exploration gangue - ANSWERSthe mineral that we do not desire percussion drilling - ANSWERSuseful for non-coring in shallow holes in med-hard rock mineral - ANSWERS- naturally occurring - inorganic - crystal structure - definite chemical composition - solid cutoff grade - ANSWERSpercentage where mining becomes economically profitable grade - ANSWERSpercentage of the ore that contains the desired mineral adit - ANSWERSa horizontal, sometimes blind, opening Geochemistry - ANSWERSprocess of systematically analyzing the chemical content of rock, soil, plants, water, etc to establish an additional anomaly within a given target area exploration - ANSWERS- Step in the mining process where we define the type and shape of the ore body, quantity, quality, and overall value - ongoing until the end of mining induced polarization - ANSWERS- measures the slow decay of voltage when the injected current is stopped - measures bulk electrical chargeability seismic method - ANSWERS- used to detect coal, massive sulfide deposits, gold, diamonds, and uranium amount of mineral in an ore - ANSWERS% in ore/ % in component enrichment factor - ANSWERSmultiplier by which the concentration of an element must be increased to become commercially mineable geobotanical prospecting - ANSWERSscience of employing the changes in vegetation growth in an area as a visual and/or analytical guide to mineralization difference between vein and ore body - ANSWERS- veins are 2-D - ore bodies are 3-D resource - ANSWERS- a mineral resource is present, but not currently economically profitable to mine - measured: high level of confidence - indicated: reasonable level of confidence - inferred: low level of confidence stages of mine life - ANSWERS- prospecting - exploration - development - exploitation - reclamation geophysical aerial surveys - ANSWERS- magnetometer - radiometric - gravity prospecting - ANSWERSsearch for ore or geological occurrences that indicate potential of being an ore body rotary drilling - ANSWERSuseful for non-coring exploration in soft to med-hard rocks maceral - ANSWERSbase part of coal, "macerals are to coal as sediments are to gravel" electromagnetic method - ANSWERSuse a coil with an alternating current circulating within it, causes a primary magnetic field, which induces a secondary current in underground bodies which creates a secondary magnetic field host rock - ANSWERSbody of rock from which ore is found ore - ANSWERSa naturally occurring solid material from which a metal or valuable mineral can be profitably extracted isopack map - ANSWERSshows different concentrations on a map using color (can also be used for elevation) diamond core drilling - ANSWERSstandard procedure for consolidated rock when an intact sample is required geophysical surface methods - ANSWERS- magnetometer - seismic reflection - resistivity - induced polarization - spontaneous/self potential - gravity surveys - electromagnetic geophysical borehole methods - ANSWERS- natural gamma - density - sonic - electrical resistivity - magnetometer - electrical induction angle of repose - ANSWERSspoil slope (see muck, gob) location factors - ANSWERS- ease of supply transportation - availability of labor and support services - operational and psychological impacts of climate and weather dredgeline - ANSWERSunderwater excavation of a placer deposit supported mining methods - ANSWERS- cut and fill - stull stoping - VCR unsupported mining methods - ANSWERS- room and pillar - stope and pillar - shrinkage stoping - sublevel stoping explosive range of methane - ANSWERS5-15% wing curtain - ANSWERScurtain at last open crosscut typical digging depth for dredge - ANSWERS115 ft barrier pillar - ANSWERSseparates panels in horizontal seam collar - ANSWERSconcrete circle around shaft to reinforce it highwall mining - ANSWERS- high productivity - low cost - low recovery - continuous reclamation loader breaker - ANSWERSfeeder for a longwall bleeder entery - ANSWERShole drilled into old works for gas to escape method selection factors - ANSWERS- spacial characteristics of the deposits - geologic conditions - hydrologic conditions - geotechnical properties - economic considerations - technological factors - triple bottom line + politic concerns spoil - ANSWERSgob, overburden that is pulled off lowest cost of all mining methods - ANSWERSopen pit raise - ANSWERScreating a vertical tunnel from the bottom up conventional mining production cycle - ANSWERSdrill -> blast -> load -> haul limit for the inby - ANSWERSfeeder breaker skip - ANSWERScage, but for ore panel - ANSWERSblock of coal that is going to be mined where can a continuous miner be used - ANSWERSsoft ore drawpoint - ANSWERSpoint where ore funnels caving methods - ANSWERS- longwall - sublevel caving - block caving perm - ANSWERSprocess of mining with horizontal benches berm - ANSWERSpile of earth that can support highwall or be used as a barrier, half the height of highest tire winze - ANSWERScreating a vertical tunnel from the top down, does not reach the surface disadvantages of open pit mining - ANSWERS- limited to 1000 ft - high investment - requires large deposit - must be large - must provide waste disposal safety benches - ANSWERScatches blasted rock headgate vs tailgate - ANSWERS- both on intake - headgate has belt purpose of benches - ANSWERS- control the depth of the boreholes - slope of the pit wall - reduce the dangers of highwall forces - length of face exposure to the ore - means of transporting the ore from the pit crown pillar - ANSWERSseparates panels in vertical seam, supports hanging wall slusher - ANSWERSup in tunnel above drawpoint that prevents clogging surface mining methods - ANSWERS- open pit - quarrying - open cast (strip) - highwall (auger) mine development factors - ANSWERS- location - natural and geologic - triple bottom line + politics natural and geologic factors for development - ANSWERS- topography - spatial relations - geologic considerations - rock mechanics - chemical and metallurgical properties that affect processing and smelting triple bottom line + political factors for development - ANSWERS- demographics and occupational skills of the local population - means of financing and marketing - political stability of host country - environmental legislation - government aids, restrictions, and taxes regulators - ANSWERSused to control pressure and flow of air to the face what is used to transport material out from underground in highwall mining - ANSWERSaugers breast - ANSWERSname for the working face purposes of development - ANSWERS- provide access to the deposit - permit entry of personnel, equipment, supplies, water, and air - provide outlet for ore and waste parts of a longwall - ANSWERS- armored face - conveyer/panline - shields - shearer triple bottom line - ANSWERSenvironmental, social, and economic concerns casting - ANSWERSprocess of picking up and throwing material Abandoned Mine Land (AML) - ANSWERSSMCRA created fund created to pay for the cleanup of mine lands abandoned components of SMCRA - ANSWERS- standards of performance - permitting - bonding - inspection and enforcement - land restrictions What did the Mine Improvement and New Emergency Act of 2006 do - ANSWERS- provide SCSR along escape ways - 2 way communications - emergency oxygen - refuge chambers - communication and tracking systems - Disaster that caused change: Sago Darby #1 permitting due to SMCRA - ANSWERS- pre-mining environmental conditions and land use - proposed plan for mining and reclamation - how the mine will meet SMCRA performance standards - how the land will be used after reclamation is complete Office of Surface Mines (OSM) - ANSWERS- promulgates (promote, make known) regulations - fund states' regulatory and reclamation efforts - ensures consistency among state regulatory programs Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 (SMCRA) - ANSWERS- passed to regulate active coal mining operations and their impact on the environment - led to the creation of the Office of Surface Mines (OSM) Federal Mine Safety and Health Amendment of 1977 - ANSWERS- encompassed all mines under 1 legislation (surface and underground) - must provide training and annual refresher - violator penalties, permitted inspections, closings of dangerous mines - led to the creation of MSHA Coal Mining Health and Safety Act of 1909 - ANSWERS- increased enforcement power at mines, 4 underground and 2 surface inspections minimum annually - fines for violations and some criminal penalties - established safety standards aimed at curbing mine accidents - designated limits on unhealthy coal mine dust - disaster that led to act: Farmington, W. Virginia Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration in the Interior Department - ANSWERSassumed the responsibilities of Bureau of Mines in 1973 2 most far reaching safety laws - ANSWERS- Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969 - Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977 Bureau of Mines (1910) - ANSWERSinvestigate accidents, advise in