, Ch1Photosynthesis
Intro
autotrophic
Types of Nutrition
↳ heterotrophic
Automophic
Def depend
-
on themselves for nutrition.
Types photosynthetic to form food by Photosynthesis.
use
light energy
7
-
Chemosynthetic form -
their food thru Chemical Exns
bacteria.
e
g Nitrogen Fixing bacteria +
Nitrifying
.
Heterotrophic
Def depend other for
.
on
organisms nutrition .
microorganisms
harm
Types -- Parasitic - feed on other
organisms causing external digestion
↳ Saprophytic - feed on dead bodies
↳ Symbiotic exchanging - benefits
e.g N Fixingbacteria
↳ Holozoic > Carnivores
-
feed on animals
only whole organisms
↳ Herbivores - feed on plants only internal
digestion
↳ Omnivores -
Feed on both
.
↳ Detritivores -
feed on dead bodies-exealth worms
b
scavengers
Chloroplast
osribosomes
-
thykekord membrane .
outermembrare double membrane
St Double membrane bound organelle
. .
⑤ Size 3x10um
-
- -
-
intermembrane space/envelope
- inner hembrane It has :·
DThylanoid membranes that contain chorophyll
~ O within
~ an
& Of
starch grains Stroma pigmentarragediPSI& le Carriers ALP Synthase ,
Loildroplets
Contains enzymes)
DNA
Loops ②Tylaloids are grouped inGrana & connected by
Intergranal thylahoid . intergranal thylakoids starch grain ,
grand ⑤ It also has a shom a>
- DNAloopS
Sing via granum) > Tos ribosomes
-
↳enzymes .
Chlorophyll Pigment
amixture of that have different colours & found in different locations in the chbroplast
pigments
Types .
↓ ↓
Acc :
to Cr Acc .
location
Chlorophyll A blue-green D PSI/PSTOO intergrance Thylaloids
.
in
I real
Chbrophyll B yellow-green Peak absorption 700 nm
green
↳ reflected
Carotenoids >
- Xanthophyll yellow ② PSI/ PSGa
in grana thylakoids .
↳ carotene peahabsorption
orange at 680 nm .
Cred , blue
, Adv at Chlorophyll Pigments .
① light can be absorbed at different rate ces is maximised
② Role of PS is maintained . ↑ rate of PS ,
Flight can be
absorbed at each+
Absorption Spectrum Graph Action Spectrum Graph
us shows the rate of absorption at light at different
↳ at diff x , measured
wavelengths by different pigments
shows the rate of photosynthesis
by collecting the evolving gas permit time.
Both are related cus the rate of PS is determined by the collective
absorption of light X t
all
at a certain
by pigments
.
of Chemical Rans
Types
--
Anabolic Catabolic Redox .
--
A+ B - AB AB > A + B Oxidation Reduction. e
g
.
-
consumes energy releases
energy guin of 02 loss of 82 Al + B > BH + A
-
loss at e- gainate Al- + B-BetA
loss of It gair ofH releases much E
=
sources of energy for ATP formation :
↓ Catabolic Rins
↳ energy produced from catabolic Ran is used to add Pi to ADP -
> ATP
~
Substrate level Phosphorylation
2 . Redox Rxns
e-move from one e-carrier to another ,
this Series of redox Rxn releases ENERGY
Energy is used for the active
coupling of ADO+ Pi ATP
Electron Transport
"
~
Chain
, LDR light
e dependent Reaction Photosynthesis.
① cyclic photophosphorylation.
Pi ADP+
PSI eatp
-e
& light
intergranal Mylavoich.
it excited to a
higher energy level .
when ↑
lights hits PSI
-
, absorbed light causes ore emission of -that we when accepted
byane-acceptor over pass thru ETC .
Leading to a series of recax Bxn What
Release E the
for active ot ApP Pi ATP
coupling + - .
The e-are then returned to PSI (intergranal thylanoid)
② Non-cyclic photophosphorylation N .
B all occur at the sometime .
PSI+ I light hits water, it braks down the
strong
recarrie
-
When
ADPPi
covalent bonds
releasing of (waste product
·
& 2H that split I protons & 2e
-
into 2
Photolysis
>
-
.
+ -
NADP
E PSI reduced
-
When Light hits PSI , absorbed light causes the
&
↑
Light
- GNADP emission of 2e- which are accepted byane
further reduced by H +
acceptor and
↓ photolysis -
go thin fit leading series
to a
↳
NADPHe of redox pay EE for active
Heo coupling of
ADP Pi-> ATD
+
-
Then these
e-join NADp+ forming
(waste products
reduced NADP
Y2H
↳ 2H20 broten O2
↓ When light hits PSI absorbed light causes emission
.
-
+
,
2e-
ofee These 2e are
. accepted by an e-acceptor Passthrv ETC
.
releasing energy for active
coupling of ADPAPI-ATP
-
The 2 H + from photolysis
further reduction of cause NADP = NADPHa
the 2e-hem PSI compensate lost hom PSI
-
-
Then
-
ze-hom photolysis compensate for e-lost hom PSII
Products & ATP @ Reduced NADP- Ergluse Oxygen-waste product >
↳ formation
energy for glucose via It
on
+
pumps
thylahoid
N B
. E releasedho Redox used for one active of It
Rans is
pumping into membrane
.
thylanoid space creating l + conc It down electro chemical gradient
gradient
.
a move
via ATPSynthase releasing energys for rective
into shoma again used
coupling
>
- chemiosmosis .
& Thulaloid membrane provides Onylahoid space
Intro
autotrophic
Types of Nutrition
↳ heterotrophic
Automophic
Def depend
-
on themselves for nutrition.
Types photosynthetic to form food by Photosynthesis.
use
light energy
7
-
Chemosynthetic form -
their food thru Chemical Exns
bacteria.
e
g Nitrogen Fixing bacteria +
Nitrifying
.
Heterotrophic
Def depend other for
.
on
organisms nutrition .
microorganisms
harm
Types -- Parasitic - feed on other
organisms causing external digestion
↳ Saprophytic - feed on dead bodies
↳ Symbiotic exchanging - benefits
e.g N Fixingbacteria
↳ Holozoic > Carnivores
-
feed on animals
only whole organisms
↳ Herbivores - feed on plants only internal
digestion
↳ Omnivores -
Feed on both
.
↳ Detritivores -
feed on dead bodies-exealth worms
b
scavengers
Chloroplast
osribosomes
-
thykekord membrane .
outermembrare double membrane
St Double membrane bound organelle
. .
⑤ Size 3x10um
-
- -
-
intermembrane space/envelope
- inner hembrane It has :·
DThylanoid membranes that contain chorophyll
~ O within
~ an
& Of
starch grains Stroma pigmentarragediPSI& le Carriers ALP Synthase ,
Loildroplets
Contains enzymes)
DNA
Loops ②Tylaloids are grouped inGrana & connected by
Intergranal thylahoid . intergranal thylakoids starch grain ,
grand ⑤ It also has a shom a>
- DNAloopS
Sing via granum) > Tos ribosomes
-
↳enzymes .
Chlorophyll Pigment
amixture of that have different colours & found in different locations in the chbroplast
pigments
Types .
↓ ↓
Acc :
to Cr Acc .
location
Chlorophyll A blue-green D PSI/PSTOO intergrance Thylaloids
.
in
I real
Chbrophyll B yellow-green Peak absorption 700 nm
green
↳ reflected
Carotenoids >
- Xanthophyll yellow ② PSI/ PSGa
in grana thylakoids .
↳ carotene peahabsorption
orange at 680 nm .
Cred , blue
, Adv at Chlorophyll Pigments .
① light can be absorbed at different rate ces is maximised
② Role of PS is maintained . ↑ rate of PS ,
Flight can be
absorbed at each+
Absorption Spectrum Graph Action Spectrum Graph
us shows the rate of absorption at light at different
↳ at diff x , measured
wavelengths by different pigments
shows the rate of photosynthesis
by collecting the evolving gas permit time.
Both are related cus the rate of PS is determined by the collective
absorption of light X t
all
at a certain
by pigments
.
of Chemical Rans
Types
--
Anabolic Catabolic Redox .
--
A+ B - AB AB > A + B Oxidation Reduction. e
g
.
-
consumes energy releases
energy guin of 02 loss of 82 Al + B > BH + A
-
loss at e- gainate Al- + B-BetA
loss of It gair ofH releases much E
=
sources of energy for ATP formation :
↓ Catabolic Rins
↳ energy produced from catabolic Ran is used to add Pi to ADP -
> ATP
~
Substrate level Phosphorylation
2 . Redox Rxns
e-move from one e-carrier to another ,
this Series of redox Rxn releases ENERGY
Energy is used for the active
coupling of ADO+ Pi ATP
Electron Transport
"
~
Chain
, LDR light
e dependent Reaction Photosynthesis.
① cyclic photophosphorylation.
Pi ADP+
PSI eatp
-e
& light
intergranal Mylavoich.
it excited to a
higher energy level .
when ↑
lights hits PSI
-
, absorbed light causes ore emission of -that we when accepted
byane-acceptor over pass thru ETC .
Leading to a series of recax Bxn What
Release E the
for active ot ApP Pi ATP
coupling + - .
The e-are then returned to PSI (intergranal thylanoid)
② Non-cyclic photophosphorylation N .
B all occur at the sometime .
PSI+ I light hits water, it braks down the
strong
recarrie
-
When
ADPPi
covalent bonds
releasing of (waste product
·
& 2H that split I protons & 2e
-
into 2
Photolysis
>
-
.
+ -
NADP
E PSI reduced
-
When Light hits PSI , absorbed light causes the
&
↑
Light
- GNADP emission of 2e- which are accepted byane
further reduced by H +
acceptor and
↓ photolysis -
go thin fit leading series
to a
↳
NADPHe of redox pay EE for active
Heo coupling of
ADP Pi-> ATD
+
-
Then these
e-join NADp+ forming
(waste products
reduced NADP
Y2H
↳ 2H20 broten O2
↓ When light hits PSI absorbed light causes emission
.
-
+
,
2e-
ofee These 2e are
. accepted by an e-acceptor Passthrv ETC
.
releasing energy for active
coupling of ADPAPI-ATP
-
The 2 H + from photolysis
further reduction of cause NADP = NADPHa
the 2e-hem PSI compensate lost hom PSI
-
-
Then
-
ze-hom photolysis compensate for e-lost hom PSII
Products & ATP @ Reduced NADP- Ergluse Oxygen-waste product >
↳ formation
energy for glucose via It
on
+
pumps
thylahoid
N B
. E releasedho Redox used for one active of It
Rans is
pumping into membrane
.
thylanoid space creating l + conc It down electro chemical gradient
gradient
.
a move
via ATPSynthase releasing energys for rective
into shoma again used
coupling
>
- chemiosmosis .
& Thulaloid membrane provides Onylahoid space
