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Samenvatting anatomie en biomechanica

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samenvatting module 1; menselijk handelen mogelijk maken - anatomie

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April 17, 2025
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Anatomie en biomechanica
INHOUDSOPGAVE
1 Inleiding......................................................................................................................................................... 4

2 Topografie ..................................................................................................................................................... 5
2.1 Anatomische houding ................................................................................................................................... 5
2.1.1 Lichaamssnijvlakken ................................................................................................................................ 5
2.1.2 Snijvlakken door buisvormige organen ................................................................................................... 5
2.2 Statische richting- of plaatsaanduidingen .................................................................................................... 5
2.2.1 Algemene aanduidingen .......................................................................................................................... 5
............................................................................................................................................................................... 5
2.2.2 Aanduidingen bij grotere structuren/ afstanden..................................................................................... 5
2.2.3 Aanduidingen bij kleinere structuren/ afstanden ................................................................................... 6
2.3 Dynamische richtingsaanduidingen ............................................................................................................. 6
2.3.1 Bewegingen rondom transversale as ...................................................................................................... 6
2.3.2 Bewegingen rondom sagittale as ............................................................................................................ 6
2.3.3 Bewegingen rondom de verticale as ....................................................................................................... 6
2.3.4 Bijzondere bewegingen ........................................................................................................................... 7
2.3.5 Circumductie ........................................................................................................................................... 7

3 Osteologie ..................................................................................................................................................... 8
3.1 Inleiding ........................................................................................................................................................ 8
3.2 Skelet ............................................................................................................................................................ 8
3.2.1 Bouw van het bot .................................................................................................................................... 9
3.2.2 Botten in soorten en maten .................................................................................................................. 11
3.2.3 Pathologie.............................................................................................................................................. 11
3.3 Arthrologie ................................................................................................................................................. 11
3.3.1 Botverbindingen .................................................................................................................................... 11

4 Sensomotorische kring................................................................................................................................. 12
4.1 Sensorische input ........................................................................................................................................ 12
4.1.1 Exteroreceptoren .................................................................................................................................. 12
4.1.2 Interoreceptoren ................................................................................................................................... 12
4.2 Verwerking ................................................................................................................................................. 12
4.3 Motorische output ...................................................................................................................................... 12

5 Spierweefsel ................................................................................................................................................ 13
5.1 Glad spierweefsel ....................................................................................................................................... 13
5.2 Hartspierweefsel ........................................................................................................................................ 13
5.3 Skeletspierweefsel ...................................................................................................................................... 13
5.4 Werking van een skeletspier....................................................................................................................... 14
5.4.1 Origo en insertie .................................................................................................................................... 14
5.4.2 Dynamisch spierwerk ............................................................................................................................ 14
5.4.3 Statisch spierwerk ................................................................................................................................. 14
5.4.4 Bewegingsbaan ...................................................................................................................................... 14
5.4.5 Functie van de spier............................................................................................................................... 15
5.4.6 Open en gesloten kinematische ketens ................................................................................................. 15




1

, Anatomie en biomechanica
6 Indelingen zenuwstelsel ............................................................................................................................... 16
6.1 Anatomische indeling ................................................................................................................................. 16
6.2 Fysiologische indeling ................................................................................................................................. 16
6.2.1 Integratie ............................................................................................................................................... 16
6.2.2 Hiërarchie .............................................................................................................................................. 18
6.2.3 Richting van het signaal ......................................................................................................................... 18

7 De schoudergordel ....................................................................................................................................... 20
7.1 bewegingen van de schoudergordel ........................................................................................................... 20
7.1.1 Bewegingen v/d clavicula ...................................................................................................................... 20
7.1.2 Bewegingen van de scapula................................................................................................................... 21
7.1.3 Bewegingen in de art. humeri ............................................................................................................... 22
7.1.4 Bewegingen van de schoudergordel ..................................................................................................... 23
7.2 Osteologie van de schoudergordel ............................................................................................................. 24
7.2.1 Clavicula ................................................................................................................................................. 24
7.2.2 Scapula .................................................................................................................................................. 24
7.2.3 Humerus ................................................................................................................................................ 25
7.3 Arthrologie van de schouder ...................................................................................................................... 26
7.3.1 Art. sternoclavicularis ............................................................................................................................ 26
7.3.2 Art. acromioclavicularis ......................................................................................................................... 27
7.3.3 Art. humeri = glenohumeraal gewricht ................................................................................................. 28
7.4 Myologie van de schouder.......................................................................................................................... 29
7.4.1 Ventrale spieren romp-schoudergordel ................................................................................................ 29
7.4.2 Dorsale spieren romp-schoudergordel .................................................................................................. 30
7.4.3 Mediale spier ......................................................................................................................................... 31
7.4.4 Indeling volgens functie......................................................................................................................... 32
7.4.5 Schouderspieren .................................................................................................................................... 34
7.4.6 Schouderspieren ingedeeld volgens functie .......................................................................................... 36
7.4.7 Rotator cuff ........................................................................................................................................... 38

8 Art. Cubiti (ellebooggewricht) ...................................................................................................................... 39
8.1 Bewegingen in de art. cubiti ....................................................................................................................... 39
8.2 Osteologie .................................................................................................................................................. 40
8.2.1 Humerus ................................................................................................................................................ 40
8.2.2 Ulna ....................................................................................................................................................... 40
8.2.3 Radius .................................................................................................................................................... 41
8.3 Arthrologie ................................................................................................................................................. 42
8.3.1 Art. humero-ulnaris: scharniergewricht ................................................................................................ 42
8.3.2 Art. humero-radialis .............................................................................................................................. 42
8.3.3 Articulatio radioulnaris proximalis ........................................................................................................ 42
8.3.4 Pathologie: pronation douloureuse....................................................................................................... 42
8.3.5 Het kapsel en de ligamenten van de art. cubiti ..................................................................................... 43
8.3.6 Membrana interossea antebrachii of syndesmosis radio-ulnaris.......................................................... 43
8.4 Myologie..................................................................................................................................................... 43
8.4.1 Ventrale spieren .................................................................................................................................... 43
8.4.2 Dorsale spieren ...................................................................................................................................... 44
8.4.3 Dorsolaterale spier ................................................................................................................................ 45
8.4.4 Indeling volgens functie......................................................................................................................... 45
8.5 Zichtbare en palpabele oriëntatiepunten van de art. cubiti ....................................................................... 46




2

, Anatomie en biomechanica
9 Pols en hand ................................................................................................................................................ 47
9.1 Bewegingen ................................................................................................................................................ 49
9.1.1 Bewegingen van de pols ........................................................................................................................ 49
9.2 Osteologie .................................................................................................................................................. 50
9.2.1 Carpus (handwortel) .............................................................................................................................. 50
9.2.2 Ossa metacarpi ...................................................................................................................................... 51
9.2.3 Phalanges............................................................................................................................................... 51
9.3 Arthrologie ................................................................................................................................................. 52
9.3.1 Art. radio-ulnaris distalis........................................................................................................................ 52
9.3.2 Articulationes intercarpales .................................................................................................................. 52
9.3.3 Articulatio radiocarpalis ........................................................................................................................ 53
9.3.4 Bewegingen van de pols ........................................................................................................................ 53
9.3.5 Articulationes carpometacarpales ......................................................................................................... 54
9.3.6 Articulationes metacarpophalangeales ................................................................................................. 55
9.3.7 Articulationes interphalangea manus.................................................................................................... 55
9.3.8 Canalis carpi ........................................................................................................................................... 56
9.4 Myologie..................................................................................................................................................... 57
9.4.1 Oppervlakkige ventrale spieren ............................................................................................................. 57
9.4.2 Diepe ventrale spieren .......................................................................................................................... 58
9.4.3 Oppervlakkige dorsale spieren .............................................................................................................. 60
9.4.4 Diepe dorsale spieren ............................................................................................................................ 60
9.4.5 Intrinsieke spieren van hand en vingers ................................................................................................ 60




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