NBME CBSE: Immunology (Basic Immunity)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fghlh8
1. What structure recognizes "Pathogen-associat- "Toll-like receptors" (TLRs,
ed molecular patterns" (PAMPs) and secretes macrophages, dendritic cells, mast
cytokines? cells)
2. Endotoxin (LPS) bings LPS-binding protein. It CD14
specifically binds what protein on macrophages
triggering TLRs to release IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, TNF?
3. What are macrophages known as in the liver, • Kupffer cells (liver)
CNS, and bones respectively. • Microglia (CNS)
• Osteoclasts (bone)
4. What biochemical process do phagocytes use to Respiratory burst (NADPH oxidase)
destroy foreign pathogens?
5. How does tuberculosis modify a macrophage to prevent fusion with lysosome and
be able to proliferate inside it? protect from antibodies
6. LPS from bacteria, Peptidoglycan, IFN-gamma Macrophages
(T cells), and bacterial DNA are major activators
of what structure?
7. What T cell receptor binds to the signal mol- - MHCII: CD4
ecules on macrophages MHCII, B7, and CD40 - B7: CD28
respectively? - CD40: CD40L
8. IL-1 and TNF-a both increase synthesis of en- endogenous pyrogen (cause fever)
dothelial adhesion molecules. Besides this what
else does IL-1 do on what structure?
9. IL-1 and TNF-a both increase synthesis of en- 1) inhibits LPS (cachectin)
dothelial adhesion molecules. Besides this what 2) kills tumors in animals
else does TNF-a do on what structure? 3) can cause sepsis
, NBME CBSE: Immunology (Basic Immunity)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fghlh8
10. What cytokine attracts neutrophils? IL-8
11. What cytokine promotes TH1 development? IL-12
12. Neutrophils are derived from what structure? bone marrow
13. Neutrophils circulate for 5 days before dying, phagocytosis
stain pink, and cause what to happen when they
enter tissues?
14. Match the neutrophil activating step with the 1) Rolling: Sialyl Lewis X allows the
process that occurs in that step: binding of E-selectin or P-selectin
endothelial cells
1) Rolling 2) Crawling: Neutrophils express
2) Crawling high integrin and bind ICAM on en-
3) Transmigration dothelial cells
4) Migrate to the site of inflammation 3) Transmigration: Neutrophils bind
PECAM-1 between endothelial cells
a) Neutrophils bind PECAM-1 between endothe-
4) Migrate to site of inflamation: Se-
lial cells
crete chemokines C5a, IL-8
b) Sialyl Lewis X allows the binding of E-selectin
or P-selectin endothelial cells
c) Secrete chemokines C5a, IL-8
d) Neutrophils express high integrin and bind
ICAM on endothelial cells
15. T/F Neutrophils phagocytose and act as APCs. False: only phagocytose
16. What is the only antibody that binds neu- Opsonin
trophils?
17. What are the 2 key roles of natural killer cells • Kill human cells infected by viruses
NKCs? (kill cells with reduced MHC 1)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fghlh8
1. What structure recognizes "Pathogen-associat- "Toll-like receptors" (TLRs,
ed molecular patterns" (PAMPs) and secretes macrophages, dendritic cells, mast
cytokines? cells)
2. Endotoxin (LPS) bings LPS-binding protein. It CD14
specifically binds what protein on macrophages
triggering TLRs to release IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, TNF?
3. What are macrophages known as in the liver, • Kupffer cells (liver)
CNS, and bones respectively. • Microglia (CNS)
• Osteoclasts (bone)
4. What biochemical process do phagocytes use to Respiratory burst (NADPH oxidase)
destroy foreign pathogens?
5. How does tuberculosis modify a macrophage to prevent fusion with lysosome and
be able to proliferate inside it? protect from antibodies
6. LPS from bacteria, Peptidoglycan, IFN-gamma Macrophages
(T cells), and bacterial DNA are major activators
of what structure?
7. What T cell receptor binds to the signal mol- - MHCII: CD4
ecules on macrophages MHCII, B7, and CD40 - B7: CD28
respectively? - CD40: CD40L
8. IL-1 and TNF-a both increase synthesis of en- endogenous pyrogen (cause fever)
dothelial adhesion molecules. Besides this what
else does IL-1 do on what structure?
9. IL-1 and TNF-a both increase synthesis of en- 1) inhibits LPS (cachectin)
dothelial adhesion molecules. Besides this what 2) kills tumors in animals
else does TNF-a do on what structure? 3) can cause sepsis
, NBME CBSE: Immunology (Basic Immunity)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fghlh8
10. What cytokine attracts neutrophils? IL-8
11. What cytokine promotes TH1 development? IL-12
12. Neutrophils are derived from what structure? bone marrow
13. Neutrophils circulate for 5 days before dying, phagocytosis
stain pink, and cause what to happen when they
enter tissues?
14. Match the neutrophil activating step with the 1) Rolling: Sialyl Lewis X allows the
process that occurs in that step: binding of E-selectin or P-selectin
endothelial cells
1) Rolling 2) Crawling: Neutrophils express
2) Crawling high integrin and bind ICAM on en-
3) Transmigration dothelial cells
4) Migrate to the site of inflammation 3) Transmigration: Neutrophils bind
PECAM-1 between endothelial cells
a) Neutrophils bind PECAM-1 between endothe-
4) Migrate to site of inflamation: Se-
lial cells
crete chemokines C5a, IL-8
b) Sialyl Lewis X allows the binding of E-selectin
or P-selectin endothelial cells
c) Secrete chemokines C5a, IL-8
d) Neutrophils express high integrin and bind
ICAM on endothelial cells
15. T/F Neutrophils phagocytose and act as APCs. False: only phagocytose
16. What is the only antibody that binds neu- Opsonin
trophils?
17. What are the 2 key roles of natural killer cells • Kill human cells infected by viruses
NKCs? (kill cells with reduced MHC 1)
