Updated 2025 exam review
Drugs for Diabetes Mellitus (Ch. 48 - MSN 571)
Overview of Diabetes
Diabetes is a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism characterized by either:
Cellular Resistance: Resistance to insulin's actions.
Deficiency of Insulin: Insufficient production or secretion of insulin.
Key Features of Diabetes Mellitus
1. Sustained Hyperglycemia:
o Impaired glucose uptake by cells.
o Increased glucose production in the body.
2. Role of Pancreatic Beta (β) Cells:
o Function: Synthesis and release of insulin into the bloodstream.
o B-Cell Destruction: Often an autoimmune process triggered by:
Genetic factors.
Environmental influences.
Infectious agents.
Comparison of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
Refer to Table 48.1 for detailed characteristics of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus,
including pathophysiology, treatment, and patient management differences.
Key Takeaways
Understanding the mechanisms behind diabetes helps in selecting appropriate drugs for
treatment.
Addressing both insulin resistance and secretion deficiencies is crucial in managing
diabetes effectively.
Drugs for Diabetes Mellitus (Ch. 48 - MSN 571)
Overview of Diabetes
Diabetes is a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism characterized by either:
Cellular Resistance: Resistance to insulin's actions.
Deficiency of Insulin: Insufficient production or secretion of insulin.
Key Features of Diabetes Mellitus
1. Sustained Hyperglycemia:
o Impaired glucose uptake by cells.
o Increased glucose production in the body.
2. Role of Pancreatic Beta (β) Cells:
o Function: Synthesis and release of insulin into the bloodstream.
o B-Cell Destruction: Often an autoimmune process triggered by:
Genetic factors.
Environmental influences.
Infectious agents.
Comparison of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
Refer to Table 48.1 for detailed characteristics of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus,
including pathophysiology, treatment, and patient management differences.
Key Takeaways
Understanding the mechanisms behind diabetes helps in selecting appropriate drugs for
treatment.
Addressing both insulin resistance and secretion deficiencies is crucial in managing
diabetes effectively.
