Fluoroscopy ARRT Exam Study guide
- ANS-
(M) minimal dose suggested - ANS-much less then 1 mrem
inner badge weighted 1.5x(internal) + (zero.04x)(outer)
1 ampere = - ANS-1 coulomb/2nd
1 Coulomb = ________ electrons - ANS-6.25 x 10 ^18 electrons passing via in a single 2nd
ABC makes use of brightness sensor to alter....... - ANS-kV and mA
absorbed dose is also known as - ANS-equal dose
absorbed dose is measured in_____? - ANS-Rad and Gy
absorbed energy equation - ANS-absorbed power= power transferred- strength escaped
acute radiation dose - ANS-excessive dose added over a quick time frame
can be 10 rads+ and is related to acute radiation syndrome
acute radiation syndrome (LD50) - ANS-several determinants factors; mobile demise in lots
of organs
- 70 rads (zero.7 Gy) to entire body and the publicity happens in a short amount of time
- ex: nuclear reactor accident
AEC controls..... - ANS-mAs
AERC - ANS-automated publicity rate manipulate; quite much the identical factor as ABC, it
control the publicity price of the affected person but it has virtual detectors ( electrons in
capacitors)instead of an II with a brightness sensor
AERC makes use of what as opposed to a brightness sensor - ANS-virtual detector (
electrons in capacitors)
after sixteen weeks submit theory what's the dose restriction? - ANS-0.5-0.7 Gy
air gaps - ANS-10-15 cm, generally utilized in magazine. Projections (mammo)
Air Kerma (Gya) - ANS-J/kg and Gray
kinetic energy launched in depend
air kerma units - ANS-J/kg and Gray
,1 Gray= 114 Roetgen
1 Roetgen= .88 Rad
Although NCRP recommends 2mm Pb for lead glasses, what does the enterprise usually
provide? - ANS-0.75mm protecting with the facet shields at 0.35mm
annual restrict to extremities - ANS-5000mRem= 500 mSv
annual restriction to lens - ANS-15000mRem= one hundred fifty mSv
annual entire frame dose restriction - ANS-500 mRem= 50 mSv
are stitch holes on aprons okay? - ANS-YES
as grid ratio will increase? - ANS-approach will increase, dose increases and scatter
decreases
as photon energy increases there's extra - ANS-penetration and a decrease in tissue
interactions
at what time will the fluoro timer burst off? - ANS-after 5 mins
attenuation - ANS-the drop of depth of the beam because of absorption and scatter
attenuation equation - ANS-I= Io e^ (-ux)
preliminary energy x e^( attenuation element x tissue thickness)= ensuing energy
preliminary power- resulting power= absorbed energy
Bergonie-Tribondeau law - ANS-cells which might be swiftly dividing , undifferentiated and
have a long mitotic cycle are more sensitive to radiation
bone marrow syndrome - ANS-destruction of the bone marrow, immune machine failure,
lower in RBC, inner bleeding
bremsstrahlung interplay - ANS-ninety nine% warmth, 1% x-ray
aka braking radiation, cathode electrons hit anode electrons. Electron that are in the
direction of the nucleus gradual down extra and lose greater energy but create higher power
electrons. Electrons that are farther away gradual down much less, lose much less strength
and create low energy x-rays. They maintain enough power to maintain having more
interactions
(electrons are much more likely to hit the outer rim of the anode)
damaged grids - ANS-because of we and tear and the lead strips get smushed collectively
bucky factor - ANS-determines how a good deal we should growth our technique with a grid
bucky issue equation - ANS-B= incident radiation/ transmitted radiation
, can cumulative dose also be considered a sentinel occasion? - ANS-if a pt receives
irradiated in the equal discipline for extraordinary checks over the direction of 6 months to a
12 months and all collectively they exceed the max dose, it could be taken into consideration
a sentinel event
carcinogenesis - ANS-improvement of cancer
Cardiovascular and CNS syndrome - ANS-fall apart of circulatory device and fluid series
inside the brain
cataract formation - ANS-lack of transparency of the lens of the eye
function interactions - ANS-made 2 approaches
1)cathode electrons hit anode electrons
2) PE effect from x-ray to electron interactions
persistent radiation dose - ANS-dose acquired over an extended time period, normally in
small doses and may be from heritage radiation
coherent scatter - ANS-aka Thompson scatter, Rayleigh scatter or classical scatter. X-ray is
absorbed by using complete atom and is sent off in some other direction with no energy loss
Compton effect - ANS-hits the outer electron, incomplete switch of electricity, electron
launched and a low strength xray is deflected
Compton is depending on - ANS-electricity degree ( the better it's far, the more possibility of
occurrence), electrons/ gram
contrast to noise ratio - ANS-[signal ( area 1) - signal (area 2)] / noise
crossed grids - ANS-2 units of parallel lead , cleans up scatter in both route and can not
perspective due to grid cutoff
crossed grids - ANS-2 sets of parallel lead strips, cleans up scatter in each course but you
can not perspective with it because it will bring about grid cutoff
harm to the attention is what type of consequences? - ANS-deterministic
DAP- dose place product - ANS-DAP Rad cm^2= dose x region irradiated
it takes in account entire region of the x-ray beam
dental unit minimum lead protective - ANS-zero.25 mm
virtual subtraction method - ANS-mask photo is created, contrast injected , every other
picture taken, initial mask image subtracted
direct mode - ANS-x-ray hits the DNA
- ANS-
(M) minimal dose suggested - ANS-much less then 1 mrem
inner badge weighted 1.5x(internal) + (zero.04x)(outer)
1 ampere = - ANS-1 coulomb/2nd
1 Coulomb = ________ electrons - ANS-6.25 x 10 ^18 electrons passing via in a single 2nd
ABC makes use of brightness sensor to alter....... - ANS-kV and mA
absorbed dose is also known as - ANS-equal dose
absorbed dose is measured in_____? - ANS-Rad and Gy
absorbed energy equation - ANS-absorbed power= power transferred- strength escaped
acute radiation dose - ANS-excessive dose added over a quick time frame
can be 10 rads+ and is related to acute radiation syndrome
acute radiation syndrome (LD50) - ANS-several determinants factors; mobile demise in lots
of organs
- 70 rads (zero.7 Gy) to entire body and the publicity happens in a short amount of time
- ex: nuclear reactor accident
AEC controls..... - ANS-mAs
AERC - ANS-automated publicity rate manipulate; quite much the identical factor as ABC, it
control the publicity price of the affected person but it has virtual detectors ( electrons in
capacitors)instead of an II with a brightness sensor
AERC makes use of what as opposed to a brightness sensor - ANS-virtual detector (
electrons in capacitors)
after sixteen weeks submit theory what's the dose restriction? - ANS-0.5-0.7 Gy
air gaps - ANS-10-15 cm, generally utilized in magazine. Projections (mammo)
Air Kerma (Gya) - ANS-J/kg and Gray
kinetic energy launched in depend
air kerma units - ANS-J/kg and Gray
,1 Gray= 114 Roetgen
1 Roetgen= .88 Rad
Although NCRP recommends 2mm Pb for lead glasses, what does the enterprise usually
provide? - ANS-0.75mm protecting with the facet shields at 0.35mm
annual restrict to extremities - ANS-5000mRem= 500 mSv
annual restriction to lens - ANS-15000mRem= one hundred fifty mSv
annual entire frame dose restriction - ANS-500 mRem= 50 mSv
are stitch holes on aprons okay? - ANS-YES
as grid ratio will increase? - ANS-approach will increase, dose increases and scatter
decreases
as photon energy increases there's extra - ANS-penetration and a decrease in tissue
interactions
at what time will the fluoro timer burst off? - ANS-after 5 mins
attenuation - ANS-the drop of depth of the beam because of absorption and scatter
attenuation equation - ANS-I= Io e^ (-ux)
preliminary energy x e^( attenuation element x tissue thickness)= ensuing energy
preliminary power- resulting power= absorbed energy
Bergonie-Tribondeau law - ANS-cells which might be swiftly dividing , undifferentiated and
have a long mitotic cycle are more sensitive to radiation
bone marrow syndrome - ANS-destruction of the bone marrow, immune machine failure,
lower in RBC, inner bleeding
bremsstrahlung interplay - ANS-ninety nine% warmth, 1% x-ray
aka braking radiation, cathode electrons hit anode electrons. Electron that are in the
direction of the nucleus gradual down extra and lose greater energy but create higher power
electrons. Electrons that are farther away gradual down much less, lose much less strength
and create low energy x-rays. They maintain enough power to maintain having more
interactions
(electrons are much more likely to hit the outer rim of the anode)
damaged grids - ANS-because of we and tear and the lead strips get smushed collectively
bucky factor - ANS-determines how a good deal we should growth our technique with a grid
bucky issue equation - ANS-B= incident radiation/ transmitted radiation
, can cumulative dose also be considered a sentinel occasion? - ANS-if a pt receives
irradiated in the equal discipline for extraordinary checks over the direction of 6 months to a
12 months and all collectively they exceed the max dose, it could be taken into consideration
a sentinel event
carcinogenesis - ANS-improvement of cancer
Cardiovascular and CNS syndrome - ANS-fall apart of circulatory device and fluid series
inside the brain
cataract formation - ANS-lack of transparency of the lens of the eye
function interactions - ANS-made 2 approaches
1)cathode electrons hit anode electrons
2) PE effect from x-ray to electron interactions
persistent radiation dose - ANS-dose acquired over an extended time period, normally in
small doses and may be from heritage radiation
coherent scatter - ANS-aka Thompson scatter, Rayleigh scatter or classical scatter. X-ray is
absorbed by using complete atom and is sent off in some other direction with no energy loss
Compton effect - ANS-hits the outer electron, incomplete switch of electricity, electron
launched and a low strength xray is deflected
Compton is depending on - ANS-electricity degree ( the better it's far, the more possibility of
occurrence), electrons/ gram
contrast to noise ratio - ANS-[signal ( area 1) - signal (area 2)] / noise
crossed grids - ANS-2 units of parallel lead , cleans up scatter in both route and can not
perspective due to grid cutoff
crossed grids - ANS-2 sets of parallel lead strips, cleans up scatter in each course but you
can not perspective with it because it will bring about grid cutoff
harm to the attention is what type of consequences? - ANS-deterministic
DAP- dose place product - ANS-DAP Rad cm^2= dose x region irradiated
it takes in account entire region of the x-ray beam
dental unit minimum lead protective - ANS-zero.25 mm
virtual subtraction method - ANS-mask photo is created, contrast injected , every other
picture taken, initial mask image subtracted
direct mode - ANS-x-ray hits the DNA
