COMPLETE Test Bank for Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children, 9th Edition (Rogers, 2023), Chapter 1-49 + NCLEX Case Studies with answers | All Chapters

mcCANCE AND HUETHER’S PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: The Biological
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TEST BANK

,Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
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MULTIPLE CHOICE A0




1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
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a. Cells can produce proteins. A0c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
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b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats.
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ACCURATE ANSWER:-C
A0




Reasoning:-
>>>In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substanc
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es from their surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descri
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ptions of cellular metabolic absorption.
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PTS: A 0 A 0 1 REF: PG 2 A 0 A0




2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
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a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome A 0 A 0




ACCURATE ANSWER:-C A0




Reasoning:-
>>>The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largel
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y of RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-
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binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its activity. The other option
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s do not contain most of a cell’s genetic information.
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PTS: A 0 A 0 1 REF: PG 2 A 0 A0




3. Which component of the cell prodNuUceRsS IhNyGd Tr oBg. CenO M
A0 p eroxide (H2O2) by using ox
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ygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative react
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ion?
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes A 0




ACCURATE ANSWER:-B A0




Reasoning:-
>>>Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use ox A0 A0 A0 A0 A0 A0 A0 A0 A0 A0 A0




ygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction
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that produces H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it ac
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cumulates or escapes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-
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protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secr
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eted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear por
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e complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi compl
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ex and contain more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze
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bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomes are inv
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olved in enzyme production.
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PTS: A 0 A 0 1 REF: PG 8 A 0 A0




4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released du
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ring cell injury?
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,a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
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b. Golgi complex
A0 d. Lysosomes
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ACCURATE ANSWER:-D
A0

, Reasoning:-
>>>The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful di
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gestive enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, blocking their leakage in
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to the cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or c
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ellular injury leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react wi
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th their specific substrates, causing cellular self-
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digestion. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
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PTS: A 0 A 0 1 REF: PGs 7-8 A 0 A0




5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the
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pancreas cells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
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a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds
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to the ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a secretory vesicle t
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o the cell membrane.
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b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to t
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he lysosome for synthesis, and is conducted in an encapsulated membrane
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to the cell membrane.
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c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds t
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o the ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a cytoskeleton to the cel
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l membrane.A0



d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to
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the Golgi complex for synthesis, and is conducted in a cytosol to the cell
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membrane.
ACCURATE ANSWER:-A A0




Reasoning:-
>>>The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
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ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a secretory vesicle to the cell membr
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ane. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
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PTS: A 0 A 0 1 REF: PG 7 | Figure 1-5
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6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
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a. G1 c. G2
b. S d. M A 0




ACCURATE ANSWER:-B A0




Reasoning:-
>>>The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap),
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which is the period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synth
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esis; (2) the S phase (S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell n
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ucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the peri
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od between the completion of DNA synthesis and the next phase (M); and (4) the
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M phase, which includes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
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PTS: A 0 A 0 1 REF: PG 37 A 0 A0




7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by
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acting as receptors, transportation/transport channels for electrolytes, and e
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nzymes to drive active pumps? A0 A0 A0 A0