WGU D311 Microbiology OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES || 100% GUARANTEED PASS <RECENT VERSION>

WGU D311 Microbiology OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES || 100% GUARANTEED PASS &lt;RECENT VERSION&gt; 1. Which factor is of particular importance when administering an antibacterial drug to an immunocompromised patient due to the patient's inability to clear infections? - ANSWER bactericidal antimicrobial 2. Which antibacterial drug works by inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis? - ANSWER Fluoroquinolones 3. What is showcased when two antibiotics provide bacteriostatic inhibition when taken separately but bactericidal inhibition when combined? - ANSWER Synergism 4. Which drug class inhibits cell wall biosynthesis? - ANSWER b-lactams like penicillins and cephalosporins 5. Which drug class inhibits biosynthesis of proteins? - ANSWER tetracyclines - doxycycline macrolides - azithromycin lincosamides - clindamycin 6. Which drug classes inhibit nucleic acid synthesis? - ANSWER Rifamycin Fluoroquinolones - ciprofloxacin/levofloxacin nitroimidazole - metronidazole 7. Which drug classes are antimetabolites that target folic acid synthesis enzymes? - ANSWER Sulfonamides - sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim 8. Which antimicrobial agent is effective against a cold sore caused by a herpes infectiion? - ANSWER Antivirals 9. Which organism would be affected by an antimicrobial agent that disrupts peptidoglycan synthesis? - ANSWER Bacteria 10.Which cellular function would be disrupted by an antimicrobial that targets peptidoglycan synthesis? - ANSWER cell wall synthesis 11.Which structure is damaged by an antifungal that targets ergosterol synthesis? - ANSWER The cell membrane 12.Which molecule is responsible for presenting viral antigen to cytotoxic T cells? - ANSWER Major histocompatibility complex 1 MHC 1 13.What is humoral immunity? - ANSWER Humoral immunity involves regulatory T cells, which destroy infected body cells. 14.What is the difference between antigens and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)? - ANSWER PAMPs are found on numerous pathogens; antigens are unique to specific pathogens 15.Which complete region of an antibody is the site of complement factor binding? - ANSWER Fragment crystallization FC region 16.How do vaccines provide immunity to disease? - ANSWER Vaccines stimulate both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. 17.Which type of organism would be most likely to grow on food stored in a refrigerator or freezer? - ANSWER A psychrophile would be most likely to grow on food stored in a refrigerator or freezer as these microorganisms thrive in cold temperatures. 18.Staphylococcus epidermldls is a member of the human resident microbiota and considered part of the human innate immune system. S. epldermidis uses our dead skin cells as a source of nutrients. What type of relationship between S. epidermidis and humans is described above? - ANSWER The type of relationship between Staphylococcus epidermidis and humans described above is "Commensalism," where one organism (S. epidermidis) benefits (uses dead skin cells) without harming the other organism (humans). Commensalism 19.Why is the production of lactic acid by the resident microbe Lactobacillus Important to human health? - ANSWER Lactic acid is important to human health because it inhibits the growth of pathogenic yeasts. 20.Which type of infections are prevented by proper sterilization of hospital equipment and healthcare worker handwashing? - ANSWER Nosocomial infections are prevented by proper sterilization of hospital equipment and healthcare worker handwashing. 21.A patient Is determined to have contracted Lyme disease after being bit by an infected tick. What type of transmission is described in this scenario? - ANSWER Vector transmission is described in this scenario. 22.Which is a description of vehicle transmission? - ANSWER A person drinks untreated water on vacation and later has diarrhea and nausea is a description of vehicle transmission. 23.Which organism type contains species that perform adhesion through the unique use of its flagella to move out fluid from under a large adhesive disc, resulting in lower pressure to adhere to the intestinal lining? - ANSWER Protozoa 24.A patient presents to the emergency department with high fever. difficulty breathing. vomiting, coughing up blood. and severe chest pain when inhaling. Which pathogen would the provider suspect? - ANSWER Bacillus anthracis 25.Which activity of the complement system would be useful against an infection caused by a gram-negative bacterium? - ANSWER Membrane attack complex 26.Which body system is protected by the ciliary escalator? - ANSWER Respiratory 27.What is the role of global public health organizations in eradication of diseases, like polio? - ANSWER Organize vaccination campaigns and programs 28.Malaria cases are routinely found in certain areas of the world but are not seen In other areas. How would malaria be described in those areas where it is found? - ANSWER Endemic 29.A hospital notices an increase in patients being admitted with gastrointestinal symptoms and dehydration over a two-week period. An epidemiological analysis reveals that the cause is the same pathogen, but that none of the hospitalized individuals were ever in the same location at the same time. What is an explanation for this analysis? - ANSWER These individuals all consumed contaminated food from a common manufacturing source. 30.What type of diseases are found in higher numbers than expected in local populations? - ANSWER Epidemic 31.Which describes a mutualistic relationship? - ANSWER Ruminococcus species using nutrients from a cow's diet to digest plant cellulose in the rumen. 32.Why are photosynthetic bacteria and algae important to the carbon cycle on Earth? - ANSWER Photosynthetic microbes metabolize carbon dioxide, fix carbon, and produce oxygen. 33.A hemagglutination assay is applied to dilutions of a sputum sample from a person with signs of an upper respiratory infection. When the scientists evaluated the sputum samples, they did not observe hemagglutination. Which microbial cause of upper respiratory infections has been ruled out? - ANSWER Influenza virus 34.The antibiotic doxycycline works by inhibiting protein synthesis through binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit. Why would this antibiotic be ineffective against viruses? - ANSWER Viruses do not have ribosomes 35.A patient who is immunosuppressed develops skin pustules and itching. What is a plausible cause of these symptoms? - ANSWER An opportunistic bacterial infection 36.A culture of fluid collected from a healthy person via a bronchoalveolar lavage yielded growth of Staphylococcus aureus; however, a culture of a similarly collected sample from a person sneezing and coughing also yielded growth of Staphylococcus aureus. How can the same bacteria cause infection and symptoms in one person but not in another person? - ANSWER Commensal bacteria became opportunistic 37.Why can both cats and people be infected with herpesvirus but not infect each other? - ANSWER These viruses are species specific 38.Fimbria is a virulence factor of Escherichia coli necessary for an infection to develop. Which treatment may be helpful to prevent urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli on the basis of the bacteria's virulence factor? - ANSWER Cranberry extract because it interferes with the adherence of Escherichia coli to the bladder wall 39.A patient presents to an emergency department with severe dehydration, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps because of the release of exotoxin. Which pathogen is a plausible cause of this patient's symptoms? - ANSWER Escherichia coli 40.After a Gram staining of material collected from a skin abscess reveals gram-positive bacteria, a physician considers nontuberculous mycobacteriosis as a differential diagnosis. Which stain should be applied next to further characterize these gram-positive bacteria? - ANSWER acid-fast stain