Page | 1
ADVANCED PATHO NURS 5315 EXAM 1 2025| BRAND NEW
ACTUAL EXAM WITH 100% VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT SOLUTIONS| GUARANTEED VALUE PACK| ACE
YOUR GRADES.
action potential - correct answer - The process by which excitable
cells transmit information from one to another.
, Page | 2
How is the action potential altered by a potassium imbalance?
(Hyperkalemia) - correct answer - The ECF has more K+ ions.
The membrane potential becomes more positive (hypopolarized).
Cells become MORE excitable.
T waves peak.
QRS complexes widen.
Causes dysrhythmias, weakness, paresthesia.
{If membrane potential becomes equal to threshold potential
cardiac standstill occurs}
How is the action potential altered by a potassium imbalance?
(Hypokalemia) - correct answer - The ECF has less K+ ions. The
membrane potential becomes more negative or hyper-polarized.
The cell becomes less excitable, depolarization takes longer, and
takes a stronger stimulus.
Causes weakness, atony, cardiac dystrhythmias.
How is the action potential altered by a calcium imbalance?
(hypercalemia) - correct answer - Increase in ECF calcium to
>10.5 mg/dL. It decreases the cell permeability to calcium.
The cell becomes hyperpolarized (the distance between
membrane potential and threshold potential widens).
The cell is less excitable and take more stimulus to depolarize.
, Page | 3
Causes: weakness, hyporeflexia, lethargy, confusion, shortened
QT wave, depressed T wave.
How is the action potential altered by a calcium imbalance?
(hypocalemia) - correct answer - Decreased ECF calcium <9.0
mg/dL. <5.5 ionized.
Increases the cell permeability to Na+. Resting membrane
potential gets hypo-polarized.
Cells become excitable and threshold and membrane potential
get closer.
Causes: tetany, hyperreflexia, parathesias, seizures,
dysrhythmias.
Atrophy - correct answer - Catabolism of intracellular organelles
causing a reduction in the intracellular contents.
The cell shrinks
-The thymus gland shrinks in childhood
-Disuse atrophy
hypertrophy - correct answer - Hormonal stimulation in response
to increased demand than causes an increase in cellular protien.
The cell gets larger - eventually causing the whole organ to get
larger.
, Page | 4
-Skeletal muscle hypertrophy in the weight lifter.
-Cardiomegaly in response to hypertensive heart disease.
Hyperplasia - correct answer - Increase in the number of growth
factor cell receptors that activate cellular proliferation. Only
happens in cell capable of mitosis.
-Increased number of cells.
-Uterine and mammary glands in pregnancy.
-Increased production of endometrial cells due to
estrogen/progesterone imbalance.
Dysplasia - correct answer - abnormal changes in cell size, shape
or organization in response to cell injury or irritation.
Not a true adaptive process.
-Cervical dysplasia.
Metaplasia - correct answer - Mature cell type is replaced by a
different mature cell type.
-Reversible, but can induce metestatic change.
-Result of chronic stressor to the cell.
-Chronic smokers who loose normal ciliated epithelial cells
(columnar) and the cells are replaced with squamous cells.
ADVANCED PATHO NURS 5315 EXAM 1 2025| BRAND NEW
ACTUAL EXAM WITH 100% VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT SOLUTIONS| GUARANTEED VALUE PACK| ACE
YOUR GRADES.
action potential - correct answer - The process by which excitable
cells transmit information from one to another.
, Page | 2
How is the action potential altered by a potassium imbalance?
(Hyperkalemia) - correct answer - The ECF has more K+ ions.
The membrane potential becomes more positive (hypopolarized).
Cells become MORE excitable.
T waves peak.
QRS complexes widen.
Causes dysrhythmias, weakness, paresthesia.
{If membrane potential becomes equal to threshold potential
cardiac standstill occurs}
How is the action potential altered by a potassium imbalance?
(Hypokalemia) - correct answer - The ECF has less K+ ions. The
membrane potential becomes more negative or hyper-polarized.
The cell becomes less excitable, depolarization takes longer, and
takes a stronger stimulus.
Causes weakness, atony, cardiac dystrhythmias.
How is the action potential altered by a calcium imbalance?
(hypercalemia) - correct answer - Increase in ECF calcium to
>10.5 mg/dL. It decreases the cell permeability to calcium.
The cell becomes hyperpolarized (the distance between
membrane potential and threshold potential widens).
The cell is less excitable and take more stimulus to depolarize.
, Page | 3
Causes: weakness, hyporeflexia, lethargy, confusion, shortened
QT wave, depressed T wave.
How is the action potential altered by a calcium imbalance?
(hypocalemia) - correct answer - Decreased ECF calcium <9.0
mg/dL. <5.5 ionized.
Increases the cell permeability to Na+. Resting membrane
potential gets hypo-polarized.
Cells become excitable and threshold and membrane potential
get closer.
Causes: tetany, hyperreflexia, parathesias, seizures,
dysrhythmias.
Atrophy - correct answer - Catabolism of intracellular organelles
causing a reduction in the intracellular contents.
The cell shrinks
-The thymus gland shrinks in childhood
-Disuse atrophy
hypertrophy - correct answer - Hormonal stimulation in response
to increased demand than causes an increase in cellular protien.
The cell gets larger - eventually causing the whole organ to get
larger.
, Page | 4
-Skeletal muscle hypertrophy in the weight lifter.
-Cardiomegaly in response to hypertensive heart disease.
Hyperplasia - correct answer - Increase in the number of growth
factor cell receptors that activate cellular proliferation. Only
happens in cell capable of mitosis.
-Increased number of cells.
-Uterine and mammary glands in pregnancy.
-Increased production of endometrial cells due to
estrogen/progesterone imbalance.
Dysplasia - correct answer - abnormal changes in cell size, shape
or organization in response to cell injury or irritation.
Not a true adaptive process.
-Cervical dysplasia.
Metaplasia - correct answer - Mature cell type is replaced by a
different mature cell type.
-Reversible, but can induce metestatic change.
-Result of chronic stressor to the cell.
-Chronic smokers who loose normal ciliated epithelial cells
(columnar) and the cells are replaced with squamous cells.
