Ornament and Turfgrass Pest
Management 3OT + Lowa Core
2024/2025 Exam All Answers and
Illustrations Given
Ornamental and Turfgrass IPM establishes: - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Aesthetic
threshold based on tolerance, personal comfort, taste, plant appearance,
and specific site and environmental conditions.
Pesticides used for IPM in the landscape include: - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Fungicide, growth regulators, herbicides, insecticides, miticides,
mollyscicides, repellents, and rodenticides.
Contact Pesticides - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Must physically touch the pest
organism or be sprayed on the site the pest frequents to get exert an
action.
Protective or Preventive Fungicides - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Provide a protectant
barrier that prevents the fungus from entering and damaging plant tissues.
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
1
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,Systemic Pesticide - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Enters the plant via roots or above
ground plant tissues and is moved inside the plant.
Curative Fungicide - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Because this chemical penetrates the
plant and stops the disease after the infection has started or after the first
symptoms are observed.
Nonselective Pesticides - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Exert their action on a wide
variety of pests.
Selective Pesticides - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Will control only certain types or
stages of pests while leaving non-target organisms unaffected.
Pre-emergence Herbicides - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Are applied prior to weed seed
germination.
Post-emergence Herbicides - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Are applied to weeds that are
actively growing.
Insects - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The younger the insect stage the more susceptible
it is to chemical control.
Herbicides - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Are most effective when applied to actively
growing plants.
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
2
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,Annual Weeds - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Are easiest to control early in the spring
while they are still small, regardless if they are summer annuals.
Biennials - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Should be treated in the fall or early spring when
in the rosette stage.
Perennial Weeds - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Can be controlled with herbicide
applications made in the early bloom stage or in the fall when the plant is
transporting food reserves to the underground root system.
Pesticide Resistance - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Is an inherited trait that results from
repeated applications of pesticides with the same site of action or mode of
action.
To delay onset of resistance you should: - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Rotate pesticides
with different sites or modes of action.
Municipality - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Includes any city or developed residential
area in Iowa.
Urban - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Means any area within or belonging to a city or
developed residential area.
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
3
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, Water pH - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Is one characteristic of concern. A breakdown of
the active ingredients may occur if the water is alkaline (pH>7); this is
called alkaline hydrolysis. In contrast, under acidic conditions (pH<7), some
pesticides are broken down by acid hydrolysis.
Fixed copper or lime fungicides - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Should not be mixed with
a buffering agent. Otherwise, the mixture will be phytoxic to plant.
pH 3.5-6.0 - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Spray mixture can be stored for 12-24 hours
pH 6.1-7.0 - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Spray mixture should be used within 1-2 hours
pH >7.0 - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Add buffering or acidifying adjuvant
Hardness - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Another characteristics of water that can affect
spray efficacy is it's hardness. The amount of dissolved minerals (I.e.,
calcium, magnesium). Hard water inactives some herbicides.
Pesticide Application Methods (Leaves): Foliar Spray - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Pesticide sprayed directly on the plant leaves (Turfgrass, shrubs, trees,
etc.)
Pesticide Application Methods (Leaves): Wiper Application - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Pesticide applied to selected vegetation through a rope-wick device.
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
4
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Management 3OT + Lowa Core
2024/2025 Exam All Answers and
Illustrations Given
Ornamental and Turfgrass IPM establishes: - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Aesthetic
threshold based on tolerance, personal comfort, taste, plant appearance,
and specific site and environmental conditions.
Pesticides used for IPM in the landscape include: - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Fungicide, growth regulators, herbicides, insecticides, miticides,
mollyscicides, repellents, and rodenticides.
Contact Pesticides - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Must physically touch the pest
organism or be sprayed on the site the pest frequents to get exert an
action.
Protective or Preventive Fungicides - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Provide a protectant
barrier that prevents the fungus from entering and damaging plant tissues.
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
1
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,Systemic Pesticide - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Enters the plant via roots or above
ground plant tissues and is moved inside the plant.
Curative Fungicide - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Because this chemical penetrates the
plant and stops the disease after the infection has started or after the first
symptoms are observed.
Nonselective Pesticides - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Exert their action on a wide
variety of pests.
Selective Pesticides - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Will control only certain types or
stages of pests while leaving non-target organisms unaffected.
Pre-emergence Herbicides - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Are applied prior to weed seed
germination.
Post-emergence Herbicides - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Are applied to weeds that are
actively growing.
Insects - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The younger the insect stage the more susceptible
it is to chemical control.
Herbicides - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Are most effective when applied to actively
growing plants.
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
2
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,Annual Weeds - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Are easiest to control early in the spring
while they are still small, regardless if they are summer annuals.
Biennials - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Should be treated in the fall or early spring when
in the rosette stage.
Perennial Weeds - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Can be controlled with herbicide
applications made in the early bloom stage or in the fall when the plant is
transporting food reserves to the underground root system.
Pesticide Resistance - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Is an inherited trait that results from
repeated applications of pesticides with the same site of action or mode of
action.
To delay onset of resistance you should: - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Rotate pesticides
with different sites or modes of action.
Municipality - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Includes any city or developed residential
area in Iowa.
Urban - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Means any area within or belonging to a city or
developed residential area.
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
3
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, Water pH - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Is one characteristic of concern. A breakdown of
the active ingredients may occur if the water is alkaline (pH>7); this is
called alkaline hydrolysis. In contrast, under acidic conditions (pH<7), some
pesticides are broken down by acid hydrolysis.
Fixed copper or lime fungicides - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Should not be mixed with
a buffering agent. Otherwise, the mixture will be phytoxic to plant.
pH 3.5-6.0 - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Spray mixture can be stored for 12-24 hours
pH 6.1-7.0 - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Spray mixture should be used within 1-2 hours
pH >7.0 - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Add buffering or acidifying adjuvant
Hardness - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Another characteristics of water that can affect
spray efficacy is it's hardness. The amount of dissolved minerals (I.e.,
calcium, magnesium). Hard water inactives some herbicides.
Pesticide Application Methods (Leaves): Foliar Spray - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Pesticide sprayed directly on the plant leaves (Turfgrass, shrubs, trees,
etc.)
Pesticide Application Methods (Leaves): Wiper Application - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Pesticide applied to selected vegetation through a rope-wick device.
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
4
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
