HIST Exam #2
Terms in this set (35)
Southwestern states
The Event: Cooperative international program through which the United States
imported large numbers of Mexican workers—mainly farmworkers—on a temporary
basis
Date: 1942-1964
Bracero Program
Significance: Initiated because of farm labor shortages caused by American entry
into World War II, the bracero program brought Mexican workers to replace
American workers dislocated by the war. The program was intended to be
temporary, but a growing dependence of American farms on Mexican labor kept it
going for nearly two decades after the war ended. The final agreement that
established the bracero program was reached on August 4, 1942, the date on which
the program officially went into effect.
FDR signed executive order in 1942 due to fear of Japanese conspiracy and
treachery, removed/incarcerated ~120,000 Japanese (~77,000 US citizens) from
Executive Order 9066 west coast and put into 10 different internment camps
The Zoot Suit Riots were a series of violent clashes during which mobs of U.S.
servicemen, off-duty police officers and civilians brawled with young Latinos and
other minorities in Los Angeles. The June 1943 riots took their name from the
Zoot Suit Riot baggy suits worn by many minority youths during that era, but the violence was
more about racial tension than fashion.
The head of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters who promised that 100,000
African American marchers would descend on Washington if the president did not
A Philip Randolph eliminated discrimination in defense industries. Eventually led to President
Roosevelt issuing an order to end all discrimination in the defense industries.
America First Committee, influential political pressure group in the United States
(1940-41) that opposed aid to the Allies in World War II because it feared direct
American military involvement in the conflict. The committee claimed a membership
of 800,000 and attracted such leaders as General Robert E. Wood, the aviator
Charles A. Lindbergh, and Senator Gerald P. Nye. Though failing in its campaigns
to block the Lend-Lease Act, the use of the U.S. Navy for convoys, and the repeal
America First Committee of the Neutrality Act, its public pressure undoubtedly discouraged greater direct
military aid to a Great Britain beleaguered by Nazi Germany. After the Japanese
attack on Pearl Harbor (Dec. 7, 1941), the committee dissolved and urged its
members to support the war effort.
1/9
, The World War II Battle of Guadalcanal was the first major offensive and a decisive
victory for the Allies in the Pacific theater. With Japanese troops stationed in this
section of the Solomon Islands, U.S. marines launched a surprise attack in August
1942 and took control of an air base under construction. Reinforcements were
funneled to the island as a series of land and sea clashes unfolded, and both sides
Guadalcanal endured heavy losses to their warship contingents. However, the Japanese
suffered a far greater toll of casualties, forcing their withdrawal from Guadalcanal by
February 1943.
Proposed in late 1940 and passed in March 1941, the Lend-Lease Act was the
principal means for providing U.S. military aid to foreign nations during World War II.
It authorized the president to transfer arms or any other defense materials for which
Congress appropriated money to "the government of any country whose defense
Lend Lease Act the President deems vital to the defense of the United States."
By allowing the transfer of supplies without compensation to Britain, China, the
Soviet Union and other countries, the act permitted the United States to support its
war interests without being overextended in battle.
The Works Progress Administration (WPA) was an ambitious employment and
infrastructure program created by President Roosevelt in 1935, during the bleakest
years of the Great Depression. Over its eight years of existence, the WPA put
roughly 8.5 million Americans to work. Perhaps best known for its public works
Works Progress Administration projects, the WPA also sponsored projects in the arts—the agency employed tens
of thousands of actors, musicians, writers and other artists.including the
construction of public buildings and roads.
A law enacted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt under the 2nd new deal to create
a system of transfer payments in which younger, working people support older,
retired people.
-unemployment insurance, AFDC, pension payments
Social Security Act (1935) Created under FDR's second new deal, and from the SSA created pensions,
unemployment insurance, and AFDC (Aid to Families with Dependent Children was
a federal assistance program that provided financial assistance to children whose
families had low or no income.) for the first time in American history. Put peoples
faith back into the economy, helped to lower unemployment.
Congress enacted the National Labor Relations Act ("NLRA") in 1935 to protect the
rights of employees and employers, to encourage collective bargaining, and to
curtail certain private sector labor and management practices, which can harm the
National Labor Relations Act
general welfare of workers, businesses and the U.S. economy.
On February 5, 1937, President Franklin Roosevelt announces a controversial plan
to expand the Supreme Court to as many as 15 judges, allegedly to make it more
efficient. Critics immediately charged that Roosevelt was trying to "pack" the court
and thus neutralize Supreme Court justices hostile to his New Deal.
During the previous two years, the high court had struck down several key pieces of
New Deal legislation on the grounds that the laws delegated an unconstitutional
Court Packing Plan amount of authority to the executive branch and the federal government. Flushed
with his landslide reelection in 1936, President Roosevelt issued a proposal in
February 1937 to provide retirement at full pay for all members of the court over 70.
If a justice refused to retire, an "assistant" with full voting rights was to be appointed,
thus ensuring Roosevelt a liberal majority. Most Republicans and many Democrats
in Congress opposed the so-called "court-packing" plan.
2/9
Terms in this set (35)
Southwestern states
The Event: Cooperative international program through which the United States
imported large numbers of Mexican workers—mainly farmworkers—on a temporary
basis
Date: 1942-1964
Bracero Program
Significance: Initiated because of farm labor shortages caused by American entry
into World War II, the bracero program brought Mexican workers to replace
American workers dislocated by the war. The program was intended to be
temporary, but a growing dependence of American farms on Mexican labor kept it
going for nearly two decades after the war ended. The final agreement that
established the bracero program was reached on August 4, 1942, the date on which
the program officially went into effect.
FDR signed executive order in 1942 due to fear of Japanese conspiracy and
treachery, removed/incarcerated ~120,000 Japanese (~77,000 US citizens) from
Executive Order 9066 west coast and put into 10 different internment camps
The Zoot Suit Riots were a series of violent clashes during which mobs of U.S.
servicemen, off-duty police officers and civilians brawled with young Latinos and
other minorities in Los Angeles. The June 1943 riots took their name from the
Zoot Suit Riot baggy suits worn by many minority youths during that era, but the violence was
more about racial tension than fashion.
The head of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters who promised that 100,000
African American marchers would descend on Washington if the president did not
A Philip Randolph eliminated discrimination in defense industries. Eventually led to President
Roosevelt issuing an order to end all discrimination in the defense industries.
America First Committee, influential political pressure group in the United States
(1940-41) that opposed aid to the Allies in World War II because it feared direct
American military involvement in the conflict. The committee claimed a membership
of 800,000 and attracted such leaders as General Robert E. Wood, the aviator
Charles A. Lindbergh, and Senator Gerald P. Nye. Though failing in its campaigns
to block the Lend-Lease Act, the use of the U.S. Navy for convoys, and the repeal
America First Committee of the Neutrality Act, its public pressure undoubtedly discouraged greater direct
military aid to a Great Britain beleaguered by Nazi Germany. After the Japanese
attack on Pearl Harbor (Dec. 7, 1941), the committee dissolved and urged its
members to support the war effort.
1/9
, The World War II Battle of Guadalcanal was the first major offensive and a decisive
victory for the Allies in the Pacific theater. With Japanese troops stationed in this
section of the Solomon Islands, U.S. marines launched a surprise attack in August
1942 and took control of an air base under construction. Reinforcements were
funneled to the island as a series of land and sea clashes unfolded, and both sides
Guadalcanal endured heavy losses to their warship contingents. However, the Japanese
suffered a far greater toll of casualties, forcing their withdrawal from Guadalcanal by
February 1943.
Proposed in late 1940 and passed in March 1941, the Lend-Lease Act was the
principal means for providing U.S. military aid to foreign nations during World War II.
It authorized the president to transfer arms or any other defense materials for which
Congress appropriated money to "the government of any country whose defense
Lend Lease Act the President deems vital to the defense of the United States."
By allowing the transfer of supplies without compensation to Britain, China, the
Soviet Union and other countries, the act permitted the United States to support its
war interests without being overextended in battle.
The Works Progress Administration (WPA) was an ambitious employment and
infrastructure program created by President Roosevelt in 1935, during the bleakest
years of the Great Depression. Over its eight years of existence, the WPA put
roughly 8.5 million Americans to work. Perhaps best known for its public works
Works Progress Administration projects, the WPA also sponsored projects in the arts—the agency employed tens
of thousands of actors, musicians, writers and other artists.including the
construction of public buildings and roads.
A law enacted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt under the 2nd new deal to create
a system of transfer payments in which younger, working people support older,
retired people.
-unemployment insurance, AFDC, pension payments
Social Security Act (1935) Created under FDR's second new deal, and from the SSA created pensions,
unemployment insurance, and AFDC (Aid to Families with Dependent Children was
a federal assistance program that provided financial assistance to children whose
families had low or no income.) for the first time in American history. Put peoples
faith back into the economy, helped to lower unemployment.
Congress enacted the National Labor Relations Act ("NLRA") in 1935 to protect the
rights of employees and employers, to encourage collective bargaining, and to
curtail certain private sector labor and management practices, which can harm the
National Labor Relations Act
general welfare of workers, businesses and the U.S. economy.
On February 5, 1937, President Franklin Roosevelt announces a controversial plan
to expand the Supreme Court to as many as 15 judges, allegedly to make it more
efficient. Critics immediately charged that Roosevelt was trying to "pack" the court
and thus neutralize Supreme Court justices hostile to his New Deal.
During the previous two years, the high court had struck down several key pieces of
New Deal legislation on the grounds that the laws delegated an unconstitutional
Court Packing Plan amount of authority to the executive branch and the federal government. Flushed
with his landslide reelection in 1936, President Roosevelt issued a proposal in
February 1937 to provide retirement at full pay for all members of the court over 70.
If a justice refused to retire, an "assistant" with full voting rights was to be appointed,
thus ensuring Roosevelt a liberal majority. Most Republicans and many Democrats
in Congress opposed the so-called "court-packing" plan.
2/9
