HOSA Pathophysiology Notes Exam with Verified Solutions 2024/2025

HOSA Pathophysiology Notes Exam with Verified Solutions 2024 pathology - Answer -the scientific study of disease asymptomatic - Answer -without symptoms syndrome - Answer -A group of symptoms typical of a particular disease or condition symptoms - Answer -subjective findings signs - Answer -objective findings predisposing factors - Answer -risk factors; make a person vulnerable to a disease chronic - Answer -A condition that develops slowly and lasts a long period of time acute - Answer -A condition with a rapid onset with a short course (less than 6 months) ending in recovery or death pathogenesis - Answer -the stages of development of a disease C-reactive protein - Answer -protein produced by the liver, levels of CRP increase when inflammation is present in the body; a blood test can be done to detect inflammation in the body Widespread inflammation - Answer -marked by systemic symptoms, such as fever, malaise, and loss of appetite, elevated white blood cells ESR - Answer -Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate; measures the rate that red blood cells fall to the bottom of a tube in mm/hr. Rate is higher w/ autoimmune disorders. Measures amount of inflammation in the body, can be used to help with diagnoses. Acute inflammation - Answer -a normal, protective physiologic response to tissue injury and disease; is accompanied by redness, swelling, pain, and loss of function ischemia - Answer -holding back/obstructing the flow of blood exudative response/ inflammation exudate - Answer -attempts to wall off, or destroy, and digest bacteria and dead/foreign material; this in tissues causes swelling and the excess fluid puts pressure on tissue and nerve endings, causing pain. phagocytic - Answer -the process in which cells surround and digest certain particlesMethicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) - Answer -"superbug" that is to blame for aggressive skin & soft tissue infections, quickly developing into abscesses and cellulitis; sometimes called "flesh-eating bacteria". autosomes - Answer -the 22 remaining pairs of chromosomes genotype - Answer -an organism's genetic makeup karyotype - Answer -a display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape phenotype - Answer -an organism's physical appearance, or visible traits. autosomal dominant - Answer -the gene in question is located on an autosome & the mutant phenotype is seen even if a normal gene is present (eg- Huntington's and Marfan's syndrome) autosomal recessive - Answer -gene located on an autosome but is insufficient to produce mutant phenotype unless both genes are inherited (eg- cystic fibrosis & phenylketonuria). X-linked (sex linked) - Answer -recessive; the gene is located only on the X chromosome: more common in males. (eg- Duchenne's muscular dystrophy and hemophilia A). neoplasm - Answer -A new growth of different or abnormal tissue, such as a tumor or wart; can be benign or malignant cancer - Answer -a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation carcinoma - Answer -cancer of the epithelial cells sarcoma - Answer -cancer of the supportive tissues, such as bone, cartilage, and muscle. leukemia - Answer -cancer of the blood-forming organs. Bone marrow, spleen, lymph system, characterized by abnormal increase of WBCs melanoma - Answer -cancer of the melanin-producing cells of the body (skin cancer) benign tumors - Answer -slow growth by expansion, encapsulated; cells adhere to e/o; well differentiated & resemble origin; remain localized, no destruction, no hemorrhage, may be smooth and movable, rare recurrence malignant tumor - Answer -rapid growth & invasive; not differentiated & abnormal; ulceration & necrosis & hemorrhage: often recur. metastasis - Answer -spreading of a malignant disease or pathogenic microbe from one organ or part to another not directly connected to it. cancer stage - Answer -reflects tumor size and extent of tumor spread: helps determine choice of treatment options and prognosis; method that institutions use to communicate patient information for standardization