Class A Water Operator Exam Test 4.
How many Training Hours and experience for a class D Water Operator - ANS >> 16 Hours Training
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
and No Experience
B B B
How many Training Hours and experience for a class C Water Operator - ANS >> 36 Hours Training and
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
1 year Experience
B B B
How many Training Hours and experience for a class B Water Operator - ANS >> 100 Hours Training
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
and 3 years Experience (must include 1 year of hands on experience)
B B B B B B B B B B B B
How many Training Hours and experience for a class A Water Operator - ANS >> 200 Hours Training
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
and 5 years Experience (must include 2 years of hands on experience)
B B B B B B B B B B B B
How many Training Hours and experience for a Class C Lab Operator - ANS >> 32 Hours and no
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
experience
B
How many Training Hours and experience for a Class B Lab Operator - ANS >> 32 hours of C and 32
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
hours of B and 6 months experience. ***associate in science can substitute 32hrs of C level training
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
How many Training Hours and experience for a Class A Lab Operator - ANS >> 32 hours of B and 1
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
year experience. ***Must include a Bachelor in science
B B B B B B B B
How many Training Hours and experience for a Class C Distribution Operator - ANS >> 36hours and 1
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
year experience
B B
How many Training Hours and experience for a Distribution Technician - ANS >> 8 hours and no
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
training.
B
Community Water System - ANS >> A public water supply that has at least 15 service connections or
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
serves 25 or more persons on a regular basis
B B B B B B B B B
Primary Contaminants - ANS >> Contaminants identifies by the EPA as harmful to umal health
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
Maximum Containment Level (MCL) - ANS >> The level in which contaminants must not exceed or
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
public notification is required.
B B B B
Cryptosporidium - ANS >> A microsocpic parasite that can be found in water. It produces cysts that
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
are very resistant to harsh environmental conditions. It is responsible for intestinal illness called
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
cryptosporidiosis. Symptoms include diarrhea, cramps, gas, bodily discomfort, fatigue, and weight loss.
B B B B B B B B B B B B
Occurs one week after exposure and can last for 1-4 weeks
B B B B B B B B B B B
Disinfection Profiling - ANS >> A water system assesses the level of disinfection currently provided and
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
then determines the impact a proposed change in disinfection practice would have.
B B B B B B B B B B B B
E. coli - ANS >> A bacterium that is commonly used as an indicator of human health risk from harmful
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
micro organisms that can be present in water. Symptoms include sever cramps and diarrhea. Blood is
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
often seen in the stool. Symptoms begin 1-9 days after exposure and last a week or less.
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
Giardia - ANS >> A microscopic parasite that can be found in water. It produces cysts that are resistant
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
to harsh environmental conditions. Giardia causes intestinal illness called giardiasis. Symptoms simular
B B B B B B B B B B B B
to cryptosporidiosis. Vomition, chills, headache and fever may also occur. Symptoms begin one week
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
after exposure and can last up to a month.
B B B B B B B B B
Hard Water - ANS >> A characteristic of water caused mainly by the salts of calcium (Ca++) and
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
magnesium (Mg++). Undesirable due to formation of soap curds, increase use of soap, and scale
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
deposits in boilers and water heaters. Defines as having hardness of 100mg/L or greater
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level (MDRLs) - ANS >> The highest level of disinfectant allowed in
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
drinking water. Standards set by the US EPA
B B B B B B B B
Microbial Pathogens - ANS >> Micro-organisms that cause disease
B B B B B B B B
, Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) - ANS >> An Act passed by the US Congress in 1974. It establishes a
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
Bcooperative program among local, state, and federal agencies to ensure safe drinking water for
B B B B B B B B B B B B B
Bcustomers.
Ch 1 - One gallon of water weighs - ANS >> 8.34 pounds
B B B B B B B B B B B B
Ch 1- The average domestic water usage per person per day is usually somewhere in the range of -
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
BANS >> 100-130 gallons
B B B
Ch 1 -Probably the most important source of information to use when implementing changes in
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
Bprocess control at a water plant is - ANS >> Lab Results
B B B B B B B B B B B
Ch 1 - The most important duty of a water plant operator is to - ANS >> Help to protect the health
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
Band well-being of the community
B B B B
Apparent color - ANS >> The color visible in water
B B B B B B B B B
True color - ANS >> Dissolved material contribution to color and is not removed through simple
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
Bfiltration (i.e. coffee or tea). Measure in Color Units (CUs) using a clear glass tube called a Nessler tub.
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
Turbidity - ANS >> Particles suspended in water. These particles can be removed through filtration.
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
BThis is considered a primary contaminant by the EPA. These particles can surround and protect
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
Bharmful microorganisms from being destroyed by chlorination.
B B B B B B
Nephelometric Turbidity Unit (NTUs) - ANS >> A measure of turbidity B B B B B B B B B B
H+ - ANS >> hydrogen ion
B B B B B
OH- - ANS >> hydroxide ion
B B B B B
Carbonate Hardness (CH) - ANS >> Temporary hardness which is always alkalinity. Calcium and
B B B B B B B B B B B B B
Bmagnesium ion combine with carbonate, bicarbonate, and hydroxide ions to form carbonate
B B B B B B B B B B B
Bhardness. Carbonate Hardness precipitates out with heat.
B B B B B B
Noncarbonate Hardness (NCH) - ANS >> Permanent Hardness. Calcium and magnesium combine with
B B B B B B B B B B B B
Bsulfate and chloride ions the result is non-carbonate hardness. (Noncarbonate hardness = total
B B B B B B B B B B B B
Bhardness - total alkalinity) B B B
Alkalinity - ANS >> The ability to resist changes in pH in response to dilute acids or dilute bases. While
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
BpH tends to be high with high alkalinity, it is not always the case. Alkalinity can be present in low pH
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
Bconditions as well. B B
Chemical ions that form Alkalinity - ANS >> Hydroxide (OH-), carbonate (CO3--), and bicarbonate
B B B B B B B B B B B B B
B(HCO-). The pH of water determines which of these three ions are present
B B B B B B B B B B B B
Total alkalinity (T-alk) - ANS >> The total amount of alkalinity present). Has a pH of between 4.5-14.0.
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
BWater with pH less than 4.5 has zero alkalinity.
B B B B B B B B
Phenolphthalein Alkalinity (P-alk) - ANS >> A measurement of alkalinity. If pH is less than 8.3, no P-alk
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
Bwill be present. Measures concentrations of hydroxide, carbonate, and bicarbonate in the sample.
B B B B B B B B B B B B
BPart of the total alkalinity.
B B B B
Colloids - ANS >> Suspended Solids that do not settle out in water
B B B B B B B B B B B B
Faculative organisms - ANS >> can live with or without oxygen
B B B B B B B B B B
Historically, the five major water-borne diseases have been - ANS >> typhoid, cholera, dysentery,
B B B B B B B B B B B B B
Bpolio, and hepatitis (jaundice).
B B B
Most common water borne disease - ANS >> Giardiasis
B B B B B B B B
Coliform bacteria - ANS >> non pathogenic bacteria often found in the intestinal tract of animals;
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
Bmonitored as in "indicator" of fecal contamination of waterB B B B B B B B
Colilert test - ANS >> -a test to indicate contamination by coliform bacteria in drinking water.
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
-qualitative test: test indicates presence or absence; not how much
B B B B B B B B B
MPN (Most Probable Number) test - ANS >> a statistical determination of the number of coliforms per
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
B100ml of water B B
How many Training Hours and experience for a class D Water Operator - ANS >> 16 Hours Training
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
and No Experience
B B B
How many Training Hours and experience for a class C Water Operator - ANS >> 36 Hours Training and
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
1 year Experience
B B B
How many Training Hours and experience for a class B Water Operator - ANS >> 100 Hours Training
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
and 3 years Experience (must include 1 year of hands on experience)
B B B B B B B B B B B B
How many Training Hours and experience for a class A Water Operator - ANS >> 200 Hours Training
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
and 5 years Experience (must include 2 years of hands on experience)
B B B B B B B B B B B B
How many Training Hours and experience for a Class C Lab Operator - ANS >> 32 Hours and no
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
experience
B
How many Training Hours and experience for a Class B Lab Operator - ANS >> 32 hours of C and 32
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
hours of B and 6 months experience. ***associate in science can substitute 32hrs of C level training
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
How many Training Hours and experience for a Class A Lab Operator - ANS >> 32 hours of B and 1
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
year experience. ***Must include a Bachelor in science
B B B B B B B B
How many Training Hours and experience for a Class C Distribution Operator - ANS >> 36hours and 1
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
year experience
B B
How many Training Hours and experience for a Distribution Technician - ANS >> 8 hours and no
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
training.
B
Community Water System - ANS >> A public water supply that has at least 15 service connections or
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
serves 25 or more persons on a regular basis
B B B B B B B B B
Primary Contaminants - ANS >> Contaminants identifies by the EPA as harmful to umal health
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
Maximum Containment Level (MCL) - ANS >> The level in which contaminants must not exceed or
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
public notification is required.
B B B B
Cryptosporidium - ANS >> A microsocpic parasite that can be found in water. It produces cysts that
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
are very resistant to harsh environmental conditions. It is responsible for intestinal illness called
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
cryptosporidiosis. Symptoms include diarrhea, cramps, gas, bodily discomfort, fatigue, and weight loss.
B B B B B B B B B B B B
Occurs one week after exposure and can last for 1-4 weeks
B B B B B B B B B B B
Disinfection Profiling - ANS >> A water system assesses the level of disinfection currently provided and
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
then determines the impact a proposed change in disinfection practice would have.
B B B B B B B B B B B B
E. coli - ANS >> A bacterium that is commonly used as an indicator of human health risk from harmful
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
micro organisms that can be present in water. Symptoms include sever cramps and diarrhea. Blood is
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
often seen in the stool. Symptoms begin 1-9 days after exposure and last a week or less.
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
Giardia - ANS >> A microscopic parasite that can be found in water. It produces cysts that are resistant
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
to harsh environmental conditions. Giardia causes intestinal illness called giardiasis. Symptoms simular
B B B B B B B B B B B B
to cryptosporidiosis. Vomition, chills, headache and fever may also occur. Symptoms begin one week
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
after exposure and can last up to a month.
B B B B B B B B B
Hard Water - ANS >> A characteristic of water caused mainly by the salts of calcium (Ca++) and
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
magnesium (Mg++). Undesirable due to formation of soap curds, increase use of soap, and scale
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
deposits in boilers and water heaters. Defines as having hardness of 100mg/L or greater
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level (MDRLs) - ANS >> The highest level of disinfectant allowed in
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
drinking water. Standards set by the US EPA
B B B B B B B B
Microbial Pathogens - ANS >> Micro-organisms that cause disease
B B B B B B B B
, Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) - ANS >> An Act passed by the US Congress in 1974. It establishes a
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
Bcooperative program among local, state, and federal agencies to ensure safe drinking water for
B B B B B B B B B B B B B
Bcustomers.
Ch 1 - One gallon of water weighs - ANS >> 8.34 pounds
B B B B B B B B B B B B
Ch 1- The average domestic water usage per person per day is usually somewhere in the range of -
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
BANS >> 100-130 gallons
B B B
Ch 1 -Probably the most important source of information to use when implementing changes in
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
Bprocess control at a water plant is - ANS >> Lab Results
B B B B B B B B B B B
Ch 1 - The most important duty of a water plant operator is to - ANS >> Help to protect the health
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
Band well-being of the community
B B B B
Apparent color - ANS >> The color visible in water
B B B B B B B B B
True color - ANS >> Dissolved material contribution to color and is not removed through simple
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
Bfiltration (i.e. coffee or tea). Measure in Color Units (CUs) using a clear glass tube called a Nessler tub.
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
Turbidity - ANS >> Particles suspended in water. These particles can be removed through filtration.
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
BThis is considered a primary contaminant by the EPA. These particles can surround and protect
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
Bharmful microorganisms from being destroyed by chlorination.
B B B B B B
Nephelometric Turbidity Unit (NTUs) - ANS >> A measure of turbidity B B B B B B B B B B
H+ - ANS >> hydrogen ion
B B B B B
OH- - ANS >> hydroxide ion
B B B B B
Carbonate Hardness (CH) - ANS >> Temporary hardness which is always alkalinity. Calcium and
B B B B B B B B B B B B B
Bmagnesium ion combine with carbonate, bicarbonate, and hydroxide ions to form carbonate
B B B B B B B B B B B
Bhardness. Carbonate Hardness precipitates out with heat.
B B B B B B
Noncarbonate Hardness (NCH) - ANS >> Permanent Hardness. Calcium and magnesium combine with
B B B B B B B B B B B B
Bsulfate and chloride ions the result is non-carbonate hardness. (Noncarbonate hardness = total
B B B B B B B B B B B B
Bhardness - total alkalinity) B B B
Alkalinity - ANS >> The ability to resist changes in pH in response to dilute acids or dilute bases. While
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
BpH tends to be high with high alkalinity, it is not always the case. Alkalinity can be present in low pH
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
Bconditions as well. B B
Chemical ions that form Alkalinity - ANS >> Hydroxide (OH-), carbonate (CO3--), and bicarbonate
B B B B B B B B B B B B B
B(HCO-). The pH of water determines which of these three ions are present
B B B B B B B B B B B B
Total alkalinity (T-alk) - ANS >> The total amount of alkalinity present). Has a pH of between 4.5-14.0.
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
BWater with pH less than 4.5 has zero alkalinity.
B B B B B B B B
Phenolphthalein Alkalinity (P-alk) - ANS >> A measurement of alkalinity. If pH is less than 8.3, no P-alk
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
Bwill be present. Measures concentrations of hydroxide, carbonate, and bicarbonate in the sample.
B B B B B B B B B B B B
BPart of the total alkalinity.
B B B B
Colloids - ANS >> Suspended Solids that do not settle out in water
B B B B B B B B B B B B
Faculative organisms - ANS >> can live with or without oxygen
B B B B B B B B B B
Historically, the five major water-borne diseases have been - ANS >> typhoid, cholera, dysentery,
B B B B B B B B B B B B B
Bpolio, and hepatitis (jaundice).
B B B
Most common water borne disease - ANS >> Giardiasis
B B B B B B B B
Coliform bacteria - ANS >> non pathogenic bacteria often found in the intestinal tract of animals;
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
Bmonitored as in "indicator" of fecal contamination of waterB B B B B B B B
Colilert test - ANS >> -a test to indicate contamination by coliform bacteria in drinking water.
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
-qualitative test: test indicates presence or absence; not how much
B B B B B B B B B
MPN (Most Probable Number) test - ANS >> a statistical determination of the number of coliforms per
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
B100ml of water B B
