Below is a set of revision test questions—with answer options and detailed rationales—that
reflect core concepts from Fundamentals of Nursing Care. These questions are designed to
help reinforce key ideas such as the nursing process, patient safety, communication, infection
control, documentation, and ethical care. You can use these as a self-assessment tool or
discussion points in study groups.
Revision Test Questions
1. Which of the following is the first step in the nursing process?
A. Diagnosis
B. Planning
C. Assessment
D. Implementation
Correct Answer: C. Assessment
Rationale: The nursing process begins with assessment—gathering comprehensive data about the
patient’s health status. This forms the basis for accurate diagnosis and effective planning of care.
2. What is the most effective method to prevent the spread of infections in healthcare settings?
A. Wearing gloves only
B. Hand hygiene
C. Using antiseptics only
D. Isolating all patients
Correct Answer: B. Hand hygiene
Rationale: Hand hygiene (including proper handwashing or using alcohol-based hand sanitizers) is widely
recognized as the most critical and cost-effective intervention to reduce healthcare-associated
infections.
3. When communicating with an anxious patient, what is the best approach to help reduce their
anxiety?
A. Use complex medical jargon to sound professional
B. Speak in a calm, clear, and empathetic manner
C. Provide minimal information to avoid overwhelming them
D. Dismiss their feelings and focus solely on tasks
Correct Answer: B. Speak in a calm, clear, and empathetic manner
Rationale: Effective communication involves clarity and empathy. Using understandable language and
addressing patient concerns helps build trust and reduces anxiety.
, 4. Which documentation practice is considered most accurate and timely in nursing care?
A. Writing notes as soon as possible after patient care
B. Completing documentation before providing care
C. Waiting until the end of the shift to document
D. Relying solely on verbal handovers
Correct Answer: A. Writing notes as soon as possible after patient care
Rationale: Timely documentation ensures that information is recorded accurately while details are fresh.
This supports continuity of care and helps prevent errors.
5. A patient at risk for pressure ulcers often shows which of the following early signs?
A. Redness over a bony prominence
B. Excessive sweating
C. High fever
D. Hypotension
Correct Answer: A. Redness over a bony prominence
Rationale: Redness or non-blanchable erythema over bony areas is an early indicator of potential skin
breakdown. Early recognition allows for timely interventions to prevent further deterioration.
6. If a patient falls in the hospital, what is the most appropriate immediate action?
A. Leave the patient to minimize liability
B. Assess the patient for injuries and provide necessary care
C. Ignore the fall if the patient appears uninjured
D. Only document the fall at the end of the shift
Correct Answer: B. Assess the patient for injuries and provide necessary care
Rationale: Following a fall, it is imperative to promptly assess the patient for any injuries. Immediate
assessment and care help to address potential complications and ensure patient safety.
7. When measuring vital signs, which parameter is often most sensitive to early changes in a patient’s
condition?
A. Temperature
B. Pulse
C. Blood pressure
D. Respiratory rate
Correct Answer: D. Respiratory rate
Rationale: Although all vital signs are important, changes in the respiratory rate are often one of the
earliest indicators of patient deterioration or distress, prompting further evaluation.
reflect core concepts from Fundamentals of Nursing Care. These questions are designed to
help reinforce key ideas such as the nursing process, patient safety, communication, infection
control, documentation, and ethical care. You can use these as a self-assessment tool or
discussion points in study groups.
Revision Test Questions
1. Which of the following is the first step in the nursing process?
A. Diagnosis
B. Planning
C. Assessment
D. Implementation
Correct Answer: C. Assessment
Rationale: The nursing process begins with assessment—gathering comprehensive data about the
patient’s health status. This forms the basis for accurate diagnosis and effective planning of care.
2. What is the most effective method to prevent the spread of infections in healthcare settings?
A. Wearing gloves only
B. Hand hygiene
C. Using antiseptics only
D. Isolating all patients
Correct Answer: B. Hand hygiene
Rationale: Hand hygiene (including proper handwashing or using alcohol-based hand sanitizers) is widely
recognized as the most critical and cost-effective intervention to reduce healthcare-associated
infections.
3. When communicating with an anxious patient, what is the best approach to help reduce their
anxiety?
A. Use complex medical jargon to sound professional
B. Speak in a calm, clear, and empathetic manner
C. Provide minimal information to avoid overwhelming them
D. Dismiss their feelings and focus solely on tasks
Correct Answer: B. Speak in a calm, clear, and empathetic manner
Rationale: Effective communication involves clarity and empathy. Using understandable language and
addressing patient concerns helps build trust and reduces anxiety.
, 4. Which documentation practice is considered most accurate and timely in nursing care?
A. Writing notes as soon as possible after patient care
B. Completing documentation before providing care
C. Waiting until the end of the shift to document
D. Relying solely on verbal handovers
Correct Answer: A. Writing notes as soon as possible after patient care
Rationale: Timely documentation ensures that information is recorded accurately while details are fresh.
This supports continuity of care and helps prevent errors.
5. A patient at risk for pressure ulcers often shows which of the following early signs?
A. Redness over a bony prominence
B. Excessive sweating
C. High fever
D. Hypotension
Correct Answer: A. Redness over a bony prominence
Rationale: Redness or non-blanchable erythema over bony areas is an early indicator of potential skin
breakdown. Early recognition allows for timely interventions to prevent further deterioration.
6. If a patient falls in the hospital, what is the most appropriate immediate action?
A. Leave the patient to minimize liability
B. Assess the patient for injuries and provide necessary care
C. Ignore the fall if the patient appears uninjured
D. Only document the fall at the end of the shift
Correct Answer: B. Assess the patient for injuries and provide necessary care
Rationale: Following a fall, it is imperative to promptly assess the patient for any injuries. Immediate
assessment and care help to address potential complications and ensure patient safety.
7. When measuring vital signs, which parameter is often most sensitive to early changes in a patient’s
condition?
A. Temperature
B. Pulse
C. Blood pressure
D. Respiratory rate
Correct Answer: D. Respiratory rate
Rationale: Although all vital signs are important, changes in the respiratory rate are often one of the
earliest indicators of patient deterioration or distress, prompting further evaluation.
