AQA_2024: AS Geography - Paper 1 Physical Geography and People and the Environment. (Merged Question Paper and Marking Scheme)

AQA_2024: AS Geography - Paper 1 Physical Geography and People and the Environment. (Merged Question Paper and Marking Scheme) Please write clearly in block capitals. Centre number Surname Forename(s) Candidate signature Candidate number I declare this is my own work. AS GEOGRAPHY Paper 1 Physical geography and people and the environment Tuesday 14 May 2024 Materials For this paper you must have:  a pencil  a rubber  a ruler. You may use a calculator. Instructions Afternoon  Use black ink or black ball-point pen.  Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. Time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes  Answer either Question 1 or Question 2 or Question 3 in Section A.  Answer either Question 4 or Question 5 in Section B. For Examiner’s Use Section Mark A B TOTAL  You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write outside the box around each page or on blank pages.  If you need additional extra space for your answer(s), use the lined pages at the end of this book. Write the question number against your answer(s).  Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. Information  The marks for questions are shown in brackets.  The total number of marks available for this paper is 80. For AS Geography Paper 1: Physical Geography and People and the Environment, focus on the following key areas: 1. Physical Geography:  Coastal Systems and Landscapes: Understand key coastal processes (erosion, transportation, deposition), landforms (e.g., cliffs, beaches, spits), and management strategies (e.g., sea walls, groynes).  Glacial Systems and Landscapes: Be familiar with glacial processes (erosion and deposition) and landforms (e.g., valleys, moraines, eskers). Understand the causes and impacts of glacial retreat and the implications of climate change on glaciers.  Water and Carbon Cycles: Focus on the processes in the water cycle (e.g., precipitation, infiltration) and the carbon cycle (e.g., photosynthesis, respiration). Understand the importance of these cycles in regulating climate and ecosystems.  Hazards: Study different types of hazards (e.g., earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunamis, floods, and droughts), their causes, impacts, and management strategies. Understand the risk assessment and mitigation strategies for these hazards.  Ecosystems and Biodiversity: Know how ecosystems function, the factors that affect biodiversity, and the impacts of human activity (e.g., deforestation, urbanization) on ecosystems. 2. People and the Environment:  Population and Resources: Understand how population growth impacts resources such as water, food, and energy. Study sustainable development practices and the challenges of resource management.  Human Impacts on the Environment: Be able to evaluate the consequences of human activities (e.g., agriculture, industry, urbanization) on the environment, including pollution, climate change, and loss of biodiversity.  Sustainable Management: Focus on strategies for managing resources and mitigating environmental damage (e.g., sustainable agriculture, renewable energy, conservation efforts). 3. Key Skills:  Diagrams and Maps: Be able to interpret and draw diagrams (e.g., erosion processes, water cycle), and interpret maps (e.g., topographic maps, population density maps).  Case Studies: Revise specific case studies related to physical geography (e.g., coastal erosion in the Holderness Coast, glacial retreat in the Alps) and human-environment interactions (e.g., deforestation in the Amazon, water scarcity in Sub-Saharan Africa). 4. Exam Strategy:  Short Answer Questions: Focus on concise, factual answers. Use technical terms accurately and be specific in your responses.  Extended Response Questions: For longer questions, structure your answer with an introduction, analysis, and conclusion. Support your arguments with examples and case studies.  Time Management: Practice answering questions under timed conditions to ensure you can manage your time effectively during the exam. G/KL/Jun24/G4001/E4 7036/1 2 Do not write outside the box G/Jun24/7036/1 Only one answer per question is allowed. For the multiple-choice questions, completely fill in the circle alongside the appropriate answer. CORRECT METHOD WRONG METHODS If you want to change your answer you must cross out your original answer as shown. If you wish to return to an answer previously crossed out, ring the answer you now wish to select as shown. Section A Answer one question in this section. Answer either Question 1 or Question 2 or Question 3. Question 1 Water and carbon cycles 0 1 . 1 Which of the following describes a cause of precipitation? [1 mark] A As air rises from the Earth’s surface due to convection, it warms as it gets higher and changes state from liquid to ice. B At a cold front, warmer, less dense air is forced to sink under denser, colder air leading to cloud formation along the front. C When air is forced to rise over hills it cools, water vapour condenses forming clouds and water then falls to the surface of the Earth. D When the humidity of the air decreases, it means more liquid water can change state and become water vapour. 3 Do not write outside the box G/Jun24/7036/1 . 2 In the carbon cycle, what is respiration? A A transfer of carbon from a solid state to a gaseous state, when combined with oxygen during combustion of organic material. B Animal and plant cells use oxygen to free energy from stored carbohydrates, releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. C As organic material decomposes and is broken down, carbon is returned to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. D Where plants use solar energy to combine carbon dioxide from the atmosphere with water and release oxygen as a by-product. [1 mark] . 3 Outline impacts of wildfires on major stores of carbon. [3 marks] Question 1 continues on the next page Turn over ▶ 1 0 1 0 4 Do not write outside the G/Jun24/7036/1 Canada 879 800 856 500 km2 12 600 km3 Norway 20 000 13 900 km2 300 km3 Russia 201 200 667 400 km2 102 200 km3 Sweden 22 600 34 300 km2 500 km3 USA 102 500 340 300 km2 23 500 km3 Key Country name Number of lakes Total area of those lakes Total volume of water in those lakes Figure 1 shows information abo