Biology Major Field Test Study Set
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
"4 Biomolecules and Monomers - ✔✔Protein (amino acids) Carbohydrates
(simple sugars) Lipids (glycerol and fatty acids) Nuclei acids (nucleotides)"
dipeptides - ✔✔two amino acids bonded together
what is the general fatty acid formula - ✔✔CH3(CH2)nCOOH where n= an
even number between 12 and 24
explain identifying saturated vs. unsaturated fats - ✔✔saturated: only
single bonds in hydrocarbon chain... unsaturated: one or more double
bonds
glycerides - ✔✔glycerol and 3 fatty acids
1
100% Pass Guarantee Katelyn Whitman, All Rights
,Levels of Protein Structure - ✔✔1. order of amino acids 2. alpha-helices or
beta-pleated sheets 3. bonding b/w a.a. side chains 4. multi-subunit
structure
nucleotide is composed of - ✔✔phosphate group; sugar group; nitrogenous
base
Vmax - ✔✔maximum reaction rate at which point substrate is saturated
with enzyme
Feedback Inhibition - ✔✔end-product of enzyme catalyzed rxn. blocks
original enz.
Competitive Inhibition - ✔✔molecules compete with substrate for
enzyme's active sites
irreversible inhibitors - ✔✔chemically and covalently bind to active site;
rendering it permanently inactive
psuedoirreversible inhibitors - ✔✔extremely high affinities for active site;
hard to displace
2
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, noncompetitive inhibitors - ✔✔do not compete for active site but act
elsewhere on enz.; altering 3D shape
photosynthesis - ✔✔anabolic process that converts sunlight into energy
stored in the phosphate bonds of ATP, then more permanently stored in
bonds of organic carbon compounds
electron transport chain - ✔✔series of carrier molecules on the inner
mitochondrial membrane which pass electrons through enzymes that
pump protons to one side of the membrane, creating a proton gradient
chemiosmosis - ✔✔the use of a gradient, such as a proton gradient, to
generate energy. The ATP synthase enzyme uses the kinetic movement of
protons down the gradient to store energy by converting ADP to ATP
ATP - ✔✔Adenosine tri phosphate, a modified nucleotide that stores
energy in it's phosphate bonds.
fermentation - ✔✔glycolysis and the additional steps leading to the
formation of ethanol or lactic acid, to make ATP. It does not include the
Kreb's cycle (producing CO2) or the ETC.
3
100% Pass Guarantee Katelyn Whitman, All Rights
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
"4 Biomolecules and Monomers - ✔✔Protein (amino acids) Carbohydrates
(simple sugars) Lipids (glycerol and fatty acids) Nuclei acids (nucleotides)"
dipeptides - ✔✔two amino acids bonded together
what is the general fatty acid formula - ✔✔CH3(CH2)nCOOH where n= an
even number between 12 and 24
explain identifying saturated vs. unsaturated fats - ✔✔saturated: only
single bonds in hydrocarbon chain... unsaturated: one or more double
bonds
glycerides - ✔✔glycerol and 3 fatty acids
1
100% Pass Guarantee Katelyn Whitman, All Rights
,Levels of Protein Structure - ✔✔1. order of amino acids 2. alpha-helices or
beta-pleated sheets 3. bonding b/w a.a. side chains 4. multi-subunit
structure
nucleotide is composed of - ✔✔phosphate group; sugar group; nitrogenous
base
Vmax - ✔✔maximum reaction rate at which point substrate is saturated
with enzyme
Feedback Inhibition - ✔✔end-product of enzyme catalyzed rxn. blocks
original enz.
Competitive Inhibition - ✔✔molecules compete with substrate for
enzyme's active sites
irreversible inhibitors - ✔✔chemically and covalently bind to active site;
rendering it permanently inactive
psuedoirreversible inhibitors - ✔✔extremely high affinities for active site;
hard to displace
2
100% Pass Guarantee Katelyn Whitman, All Rights
, noncompetitive inhibitors - ✔✔do not compete for active site but act
elsewhere on enz.; altering 3D shape
photosynthesis - ✔✔anabolic process that converts sunlight into energy
stored in the phosphate bonds of ATP, then more permanently stored in
bonds of organic carbon compounds
electron transport chain - ✔✔series of carrier molecules on the inner
mitochondrial membrane which pass electrons through enzymes that
pump protons to one side of the membrane, creating a proton gradient
chemiosmosis - ✔✔the use of a gradient, such as a proton gradient, to
generate energy. The ATP synthase enzyme uses the kinetic movement of
protons down the gradient to store energy by converting ADP to ATP
ATP - ✔✔Adenosine tri phosphate, a modified nucleotide that stores
energy in it's phosphate bonds.
fermentation - ✔✔glycolysis and the additional steps leading to the
formation of ethanol or lactic acid, to make ATP. It does not include the
Kreb's cycle (producing CO2) or the ETC.
3
100% Pass Guarantee Katelyn Whitman, All Rights
