BMP, Ca++, Mg, GFR, Cr, Cl Exam
Questions And Answers Latest 2025
components of BMP (CHEM-7) -
correct answer ✅Na+/Cl-/BUN
K+/HCO3/Creatinine<Glucose
multiple chemistry tests grouped together-- electrolytes and tests
of kidney function
normal Na level
critical Na levels -
correct answer ✅135-145 mEq/L
<120 or >160
if pt has IV- draw from opposite arm
Sodium, Na -
correct answer ✅major cation in extracellular space--> responsible
for extracellular osmolality
,BMP, Ca++, Mg, GFR, Cr, Cl Exam
Questions And Answers Latest 2025
sodium balance regulation -
correct answer ✅aldosterone- conserve Na by stimulating kidneys
to resorb Na
natriuretic hormone (released by heart)- decreases renal
absorption of Na is stimulated by increased Na
ADH- controls H2O reabsorption in distal tubules affecting Na levels
by dilution or concentration
hyponatremia- low sodium -
correct answer ✅-decreased Na intake: deficient dietary intake or
IVFs
-increased Na loss: addison's disease (aldosterone is low, not
reabsorbing Na), diarrhea, vomiting, intraluminal bowel loss
(obstruction, fluid accumulation, pulls Na into it), diuretics (pull Na
out), chronic renal insufficiency
-increased free body water: excessive oral water intake,
hyperglycemia (glucose pulls in free water- dilute Na),
CHF/Ascites/Peripheral edema (retain fluid), SIADH (inappropriate
ADH--> retain H2O)
hypernatremia- elevated sodium -
correct answer ✅-increased Na intake: inc dietary intake, excessive
IVFs
, BMP, Ca++, Mg, GFR, Cr, Cl Exam
Questions And Answers Latest 2025
-decreased Na loss: Cushing's syndrome (too much glucocorticoid;
opposite Addison's), hyperaldosteronism
-excessive free body water loss: Gi loss (vom/diarrhea), excessive
sweating (water loss), extensive burns (lose water), DI (ADH
deficiency, water loss), osmotic diuresis
clinical presentation of hyponatremia -
correct answer ✅weakness first
confusion
lethargy
eventual stupor--> coma
intracellular volume ^, swelling^, coma
clinical presentation of hypernatremia -
correct answer ✅dry mucous membranes
thirst
agitation
restlessness
hyperreflexia
Questions And Answers Latest 2025
components of BMP (CHEM-7) -
correct answer ✅Na+/Cl-/BUN
K+/HCO3/Creatinine<Glucose
multiple chemistry tests grouped together-- electrolytes and tests
of kidney function
normal Na level
critical Na levels -
correct answer ✅135-145 mEq/L
<120 or >160
if pt has IV- draw from opposite arm
Sodium, Na -
correct answer ✅major cation in extracellular space--> responsible
for extracellular osmolality
,BMP, Ca++, Mg, GFR, Cr, Cl Exam
Questions And Answers Latest 2025
sodium balance regulation -
correct answer ✅aldosterone- conserve Na by stimulating kidneys
to resorb Na
natriuretic hormone (released by heart)- decreases renal
absorption of Na is stimulated by increased Na
ADH- controls H2O reabsorption in distal tubules affecting Na levels
by dilution or concentration
hyponatremia- low sodium -
correct answer ✅-decreased Na intake: deficient dietary intake or
IVFs
-increased Na loss: addison's disease (aldosterone is low, not
reabsorbing Na), diarrhea, vomiting, intraluminal bowel loss
(obstruction, fluid accumulation, pulls Na into it), diuretics (pull Na
out), chronic renal insufficiency
-increased free body water: excessive oral water intake,
hyperglycemia (glucose pulls in free water- dilute Na),
CHF/Ascites/Peripheral edema (retain fluid), SIADH (inappropriate
ADH--> retain H2O)
hypernatremia- elevated sodium -
correct answer ✅-increased Na intake: inc dietary intake, excessive
IVFs
, BMP, Ca++, Mg, GFR, Cr, Cl Exam
Questions And Answers Latest 2025
-decreased Na loss: Cushing's syndrome (too much glucocorticoid;
opposite Addison's), hyperaldosteronism
-excessive free body water loss: Gi loss (vom/diarrhea), excessive
sweating (water loss), extensive burns (lose water), DI (ADH
deficiency, water loss), osmotic diuresis
clinical presentation of hyponatremia -
correct answer ✅weakness first
confusion
lethargy
eventual stupor--> coma
intracellular volume ^, swelling^, coma
clinical presentation of hypernatremia -
correct answer ✅dry mucous membranes
thirst
agitation
restlessness
hyperreflexia
