RELEVANT PALPATION/IDENTIFICATION TERMS
, HIP JOINT ANATOMY
Type of Joint: ball and socket synovial joint
Movements: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, external rotation
Bony Articulations: acetabulum of pelvis and femoral head
Joint Articulations:
• Sacroiliac Joints x2 (sacrum and ilium)
• Sacrococcygeal Symphysis
• Pubic Symphysis (left and right pubic bones)
PELVIS ANATOMY
Anterior View Posterior View
Superior View Inferior View
, Male VS Female Pelvis
What are the differences between the male and female pelvis?
- Pelvic inlet is larger in females due to childbirth
- Female pelvis is lighter and wider vs male is narrower and heavier
- Female pelvis pubic angle greater than 90 degrees
Exam Landmarks
• Ilium, ischium, pubis, sacrum, coccyx
• Iliac crest
• Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS)
• Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine (AIIS)
• Posterior Superior Iliac Spine (PSIS)
• Posterior Inferior Iliac Spine (PIIS)
• Ischial tuberosity
• Pubic symphysis
• Superior pubic ramus
• Inferior pubic ramus
• Obturator foramen
• Greater and lesser sciatic notch
• Sacral Ala
• Sacral Apex
• S1 promontory
• Auricular surface of the sacrum
• Sacroiliac joints
, What is the function of the pelvis?
• Weight transfer to LLs, ambulation
• Attachment point for muscles and ligaments
• Protects and supports viscera
• Birth canal
Sacrum
Dorsal surface:
3 crests: median crest (due to fusion of spinous processes S1-S3), intermediate crest (due to
fusion of articular processes L5-S4), lateral crest (due to fusion of transverse processes)
- 4 pairs of posterior sacral foramina
Pelvic surface:
- transverse lines (fused intervertebral discs of sacral vertebrae)
- sacral promontory (posterior margin of the pelvic inlet)
- 4 pairs of anterior sacral foramina
Lateral surface - articulates with ilium
Base - articulates with L5
Apex - articulates with coccyx
Joints:
• Lumbosacral joint - between the superior auricular process of sacrum and inferior
articular facets of L5
• Sacrococcygeal joint - between the apex of the sacrum and the base of the coccyx
• Sacroiliac joint - between lateral sacral surface and iliac articulation surface
, HIP JOINT ANATOMY
Type of Joint: ball and socket synovial joint
Movements: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, external rotation
Bony Articulations: acetabulum of pelvis and femoral head
Joint Articulations:
• Sacroiliac Joints x2 (sacrum and ilium)
• Sacrococcygeal Symphysis
• Pubic Symphysis (left and right pubic bones)
PELVIS ANATOMY
Anterior View Posterior View
Superior View Inferior View
, Male VS Female Pelvis
What are the differences between the male and female pelvis?
- Pelvic inlet is larger in females due to childbirth
- Female pelvis is lighter and wider vs male is narrower and heavier
- Female pelvis pubic angle greater than 90 degrees
Exam Landmarks
• Ilium, ischium, pubis, sacrum, coccyx
• Iliac crest
• Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS)
• Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine (AIIS)
• Posterior Superior Iliac Spine (PSIS)
• Posterior Inferior Iliac Spine (PIIS)
• Ischial tuberosity
• Pubic symphysis
• Superior pubic ramus
• Inferior pubic ramus
• Obturator foramen
• Greater and lesser sciatic notch
• Sacral Ala
• Sacral Apex
• S1 promontory
• Auricular surface of the sacrum
• Sacroiliac joints
, What is the function of the pelvis?
• Weight transfer to LLs, ambulation
• Attachment point for muscles and ligaments
• Protects and supports viscera
• Birth canal
Sacrum
Dorsal surface:
3 crests: median crest (due to fusion of spinous processes S1-S3), intermediate crest (due to
fusion of articular processes L5-S4), lateral crest (due to fusion of transverse processes)
- 4 pairs of posterior sacral foramina
Pelvic surface:
- transverse lines (fused intervertebral discs of sacral vertebrae)
- sacral promontory (posterior margin of the pelvic inlet)
- 4 pairs of anterior sacral foramina
Lateral surface - articulates with ilium
Base - articulates with L5
Apex - articulates with coccyx
Joints:
• Lumbosacral joint - between the superior auricular process of sacrum and inferior
articular facets of L5
• Sacrococcygeal joint - between the apex of the sacrum and the base of the coccyx
• Sacroiliac joint - between lateral sacral surface and iliac articulation surface
