Neonatal and Pediatric Respi
m m m
ratory Care 5th Edition Wals
m m m m
h Test Bank A+
m m m
, Chapter 1: Fetal Lung Development Test Bank
m m m m m m
MULTIPLEmCHOICE
1. Whichmof mthemfollowingmphasesmof mhumanmlungmdevelopment mismcharacterized mbymt
hemformationmof mamcapillarymnetworkmaround mairwaympassages?
a. Pseudoglandular
b. Saccular
c. Alveolar
d. Canalicular
ANS:mD
Themcanalicularmphasemfollowsmthempseudoglandularmphase,mlasting mfrommapproximately m17mweek
smtom26mweeksmof mgestation.mThismphasemismsomnamed mbecausemof mthemappearancemof mvascularmchan
nels,mormcapillaries,mwhichmbegin mtomgrow mbymformingmam capillary mnetworkmaround mthemairmpassag
es.
Duringmthempseudoglandularmstage,mwhichmbeginsmat mdaym52mand mextendsmtomweekm16mof mgestation
,mthemairwaymsystemmsubdividesmextensivelymand mthemconductingmairwaymsystemmdevelops,mending
mwithmthemterminalmbronchioles.mThemsaccularmstagemof mdevelopment,mwhichmtakesmplacemfrommwee
ksm29mtom36mof mgestation,mismcharacterized mbymthemdevelopment mof msacsmthat mlatermbecomemalveoli.
Duringmthemsaccularmphase,mamtremendousmincreaseminmthempotentialmgas-
mexchangingmsurfacemareamoccurs.mThemdistinctionmbetweenmthemsaccularmstagemand mthemalveolarmst
agemismarbitrary.mThemalveolarm stagemstretchesmfromm39mweeksmof mgestationmtomterm.m This mstagemis
mrepresented mbymthemestablishment mof malveoli.
REF:mpp.m3-5
2. Regardingmpostnatalmlungmgrowth,mbymapproximatelymwhat magemdommost mof mthemalveolimt
hat mwillmbempresent minmthemlungsmformlifemdevelop?
a. 6mmonths
,b. 1myear
c. 1.5myears
d. 2myears
ANS:mC
Most mof mthempostnatalmformationmof malveoliminmtheminfant moccursmovermthemfirst m1.5myearsmof mlife.mA
t m2myearsmof mage,mthemnumbermof malveolimvariesmsubstantiallymamongmindividuals.mAfterm2myearsmof
mage,mmalesmhavemmoremalveolimthanmdomfemales.mAftermalveolarmmultiplicationmends,mthemalveolimc
ontinuemtomincreaseminmsizemuntilmthoracicmgrowthmismcompleted.
REF:mp.m6
3. Themrespiratorymtherapist mismevaluatingmamnewbornmwithmmild mrespiratorymdistressmduem
tomtrachealmstenosis.mDuringmwhichmperiod mof mlungmdevelopment mdid mthismproblemmdevelop?
a. Embryonal
b. Saccular
c. Canalicular
d. Alveolar
ANS:mA
Theminitialmstructuresmof mthempulmonarymtreemdevelopmduringmthemembryonalmstage.mErrors minmdevelo
pment mduringmthismtimemmaymresult minmlaryngeal,mtracheal,mormesophageal matresia mormstenosis.mPulmo
narymhypoplasia,manmincompletemdevelopment mof mthemlungsmcharacterized mbymanmabnormallymlowmnu
mbermand/ormsizemof mbronchopulmonarymsegmentsmand/ormalveoli,mcanmdevelopmduringmthempseudogl
andularmphase.mIf mthemfetusmismbornmduringmthemcanalicularmphasem(i.e.,mprematurely),mseveremrespirat
orymdistressmcanmbemexpected mbecausemtheminadequatelymdeveloped mairways,malongmwithminsufficient
mand mimmaturemsurfactant mproductionmbymalveolarmtypemII mcells,mgivesmrisemtomthemconstellationmof mp
roblemsmknownmasminfant mrespiratorymdistressmsyndrome.
, REF:m p.m6
4. Whichmof mthemfollowingmmechanismsmism(are)mresponsiblemformthempossiblemassociati
onmbetweenmoligohydramniosmand mlungmhypoplasia?
I. Abnormalmcarbohydratemmetabolism
II. Mechanicalmrestrictionmof mthemchest mwall
III. Interferencemwithmfetalmbreathing
IV. Failuremtomproducemfetalmlungmliquid
a. I mand mIII monly
b. II mand mIII monly
c. I,mII,mand mIVmonly
d. II,mIII,mand mIV monly
ANS:mD
Oligohydramnios,mamreduced mquantitymof mamnioticmfluid mpresent mformanmextended mperiod mof mtime,m
withmormwithout mrenalmanomalies,mismassociated mwithmlungmhypoplasia.m Them mechanisms mbymwhic
hmamnioticmfluid mvolumeminfluencesmlungmgrowthmremainmunclear.mPossiblemexplanationsmform redu
ced mquantitymof mamnioticmfluid mincludemmechanicalmrestrictionmof mthemchest mwall,minterferencemwit
hmfetalmbreathing,mormfailuremtomproducemfetalmlungmliquid.mThesemclinical mand mexperimentalmobser
vationsmpossiblympoint mtomamcommonmdenominator,mlungmstretch,masmbeingmam majormgrowthmstimul
ant.
REF:mpp.m6-7
5. What mismthempurposemof mthemsubstancemsecreted mbymthemtypemII mpneumocyte?
m m m
ratory Care 5th Edition Wals
m m m m
h Test Bank A+
m m m
, Chapter 1: Fetal Lung Development Test Bank
m m m m m m
MULTIPLEmCHOICE
1. Whichmof mthemfollowingmphasesmof mhumanmlungmdevelopment mismcharacterized mbymt
hemformationmof mamcapillarymnetworkmaround mairwaympassages?
a. Pseudoglandular
b. Saccular
c. Alveolar
d. Canalicular
ANS:mD
Themcanalicularmphasemfollowsmthempseudoglandularmphase,mlasting mfrommapproximately m17mweek
smtom26mweeksmof mgestation.mThismphasemismsomnamed mbecausemof mthemappearancemof mvascularmchan
nels,mormcapillaries,mwhichmbegin mtomgrow mbymformingmam capillary mnetworkmaround mthemairmpassag
es.
Duringmthempseudoglandularmstage,mwhichmbeginsmat mdaym52mand mextendsmtomweekm16mof mgestation
,mthemairwaymsystemmsubdividesmextensivelymand mthemconductingmairwaymsystemmdevelops,mending
mwithmthemterminalmbronchioles.mThemsaccularmstagemof mdevelopment,mwhichmtakesmplacemfrommwee
ksm29mtom36mof mgestation,mismcharacterized mbymthemdevelopment mof msacsmthat mlatermbecomemalveoli.
Duringmthemsaccularmphase,mamtremendousmincreaseminmthempotentialmgas-
mexchangingmsurfacemareamoccurs.mThemdistinctionmbetweenmthemsaccularmstagemand mthemalveolarmst
agemismarbitrary.mThemalveolarm stagemstretchesmfromm39mweeksmof mgestationmtomterm.m This mstagemis
mrepresented mbymthemestablishment mof malveoli.
REF:mpp.m3-5
2. Regardingmpostnatalmlungmgrowth,mbymapproximatelymwhat magemdommost mof mthemalveolimt
hat mwillmbempresent minmthemlungsmformlifemdevelop?
a. 6mmonths
,b. 1myear
c. 1.5myears
d. 2myears
ANS:mC
Most mof mthempostnatalmformationmof malveoliminmtheminfant moccursmovermthemfirst m1.5myearsmof mlife.mA
t m2myearsmof mage,mthemnumbermof malveolimvariesmsubstantiallymamongmindividuals.mAfterm2myearsmof
mage,mmalesmhavemmoremalveolimthanmdomfemales.mAftermalveolarmmultiplicationmends,mthemalveolimc
ontinuemtomincreaseminmsizemuntilmthoracicmgrowthmismcompleted.
REF:mp.m6
3. Themrespiratorymtherapist mismevaluatingmamnewbornmwithmmild mrespiratorymdistressmduem
tomtrachealmstenosis.mDuringmwhichmperiod mof mlungmdevelopment mdid mthismproblemmdevelop?
a. Embryonal
b. Saccular
c. Canalicular
d. Alveolar
ANS:mA
Theminitialmstructuresmof mthempulmonarymtreemdevelopmduringmthemembryonalmstage.mErrors minmdevelo
pment mduringmthismtimemmaymresult minmlaryngeal,mtracheal,mormesophageal matresia mormstenosis.mPulmo
narymhypoplasia,manmincompletemdevelopment mof mthemlungsmcharacterized mbymanmabnormallymlowmnu
mbermand/ormsizemof mbronchopulmonarymsegmentsmand/ormalveoli,mcanmdevelopmduringmthempseudogl
andularmphase.mIf mthemfetusmismbornmduringmthemcanalicularmphasem(i.e.,mprematurely),mseveremrespirat
orymdistressmcanmbemexpected mbecausemtheminadequatelymdeveloped mairways,malongmwithminsufficient
mand mimmaturemsurfactant mproductionmbymalveolarmtypemII mcells,mgivesmrisemtomthemconstellationmof mp
roblemsmknownmasminfant mrespiratorymdistressmsyndrome.
, REF:m p.m6
4. Whichmof mthemfollowingmmechanismsmism(are)mresponsiblemformthempossiblemassociati
onmbetweenmoligohydramniosmand mlungmhypoplasia?
I. Abnormalmcarbohydratemmetabolism
II. Mechanicalmrestrictionmof mthemchest mwall
III. Interferencemwithmfetalmbreathing
IV. Failuremtomproducemfetalmlungmliquid
a. I mand mIII monly
b. II mand mIII monly
c. I,mII,mand mIVmonly
d. II,mIII,mand mIV monly
ANS:mD
Oligohydramnios,mamreduced mquantitymof mamnioticmfluid mpresent mformanmextended mperiod mof mtime,m
withmormwithout mrenalmanomalies,mismassociated mwithmlungmhypoplasia.m Them mechanisms mbymwhic
hmamnioticmfluid mvolumeminfluencesmlungmgrowthmremainmunclear.mPossiblemexplanationsmform redu
ced mquantitymof mamnioticmfluid mincludemmechanicalmrestrictionmof mthemchest mwall,minterferencemwit
hmfetalmbreathing,mormfailuremtomproducemfetalmlungmliquid.mThesemclinical mand mexperimentalmobser
vationsmpossiblympoint mtomamcommonmdenominator,mlungmstretch,masmbeingmam majormgrowthmstimul
ant.
REF:mpp.m6-7
5. What mismthempurposemof mthemsubstancemsecreted mbymthemtypemII mpneumocyte?
